Umxholo
Inkqubo ye- iinkuni Zezendalo zininzi kutyani olude, ngokubanzi imithi kunye nohlaza, izityalo ezinesithsaba ezibanzi, ezikwasebenza njengeendawo zokuhlala inani lezilwanyana.
Inkqubo ye- iinkuni Zisasazwe ngokubanzi kwiplanethi, zilungelelaniswe nemozulu eyahlukeneyo kunye nokufuma kunye neemeko zokuphakama, yiyo loo nto zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kumjikelo wekhabhoni wehlabathi.
Ihlathi linokwenziwa liqela elikhulu leentlobo zezityalo, okanye ubukho obuninzi bohlobo olunye lomthi. Akukho ndlela ibekiweyo yokuhlukanisa ihlathi kwamanye amaqela emithi, nangona igama lihlala likhethwa ihlathi kumahlathi ashinyeneyo kwaye atyebile, ngokunjalo indawo eqingqiweyo yeendawo ezincinci nezincinci ezixineneyo okanye ihlathi kwaye Ipaki kwabalawulwa ngakumbi, kungenelelwa ngokubanzi sisandla somntu.
Iindidi zehlathi
Ngohlobo lohlaza, bahlulwa-hlulwa:
- Ihlathi le-Broadleaf (umthi onzima). Ucebile kakhulu kwiintlobo, zihlala zifana okanye zikufutshane namahlathi.
- Ihlathi leenaliti (iiconifers). Ngokuqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezibandayo, zihlala zibonakaliswa yimithi esemgangathweni yomthi kunye nohlaza imithambo.
- Amahlathi axubekileyo. Apho ezidlulileyo zimbini zidityanisiwe.
Ngokwamagqabi alo onyaka, zimbini iintlobo:
- Amahlathi ahlala eluhlaza. Ezo zihlala ziluhlaza, ngaphandle kokulahleka (okanye ubuncinci) zamagqabi.
- Amahlathi aqaqambileyo. Abo baphulukana namagqabi ngamanye amaxesha kwaye bajike babe luhlaza.
Ngokobubanzi kunye nemozulu, bahlelwa baba:
- Amahlathi akweleenjiko. Yaziwa ngokuba "ngamahlathi", ayachuma kwaye achumile, anemozulu efudumeleyo kwaye ifumile kakhulu, ebekwe kwibhanti yeikhweyitha.
- Amahlathi asezantsi komhlaba. Ngokwesiqhelo zininzi, nokuba zimanzi okanye zomile kwaye umahluko ubanzi
- Amahlathi ashushu. Zihlala kwindawo ezifudumeleyo nezibandayo ezinemifuno eninzi.
- Amahlathi emithi. Zibekwe kwiindawo ezikufuphi nezibonda, bayayichasa imeko yemozulu engaphantsi.
Ngokuphakama apho bakhula khona, banokuba:
- Amahlathi asezantsi. Banokuba basal, plain okanye umkhukula.
- Amahlathi asezintabeni. Ukwahlulahlulwa kube ngumpontane, imontane okanye i-subalpine.
Imizekelo yamahlathi
Amahlathi eSequoias. Kwiindidi zayo ezimbini ezidumileyo, Sequoiadendron giganteum kwaye i Sequoia iispervirens, le mithi Ziqwalaselwa njengeyona inkulu kwaye inde ehlabathini, ngokulandelelana. Zizimpawu zaseMelika, ngakumbi kwiiYosemite naseRedwood National Parks, zombini ezembali kunye nokubaluleka kwehlathi.
Ihlathi laseAndean Patagonian. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi Ihlathi elibandayo laseValdivian, emi emazantsi eChile nakwintshona yeArgentina, kwindawo enomswakama, enemozulu epholileyo kunye neentaba ezikufutshane neeNtaba zeAndes.
Ihlathi laseBoulogne. Ngommandla weehektare ezingama-846, ilingana nesixa esiphindwe kabini seCentral Park eNew York, yipaki yoluntu yaseParis kwaye yenye yezona ziphambili eYurophu. Inezityalo ezininzi zemithi ebanzi, elawulwayo neyasekhaya ukufezekisa indawo yolonwabo okanye yolonwabo edolophini.
IHayedo de Montejo. Ihlathi lebeech (Fagus sylvaticayeehektare ezingama-250 zomhlaba, ezibekwe ngasentla kwiphondo laseMadrid, ezikumda womlambo iJarama, eSpain. Ngenye yehlathi le-beech elisemazantsi kwilizwekazi kunye nendawo enomdla kuzwelonke ukusukela ngo-1974.
Ihlathana laseRussia. Ii-taiga okanye amahlathi ashinyeneyo aqhelekileyo kwingingqi yaseSiberia maninzi nangona amaqondo obushushu abo egqithileyo (19 ° C ehlotyeni kunye -30 ° C ebusika), ngemvula yonyaka eyi-450mm. Oko kuthetha ukuba izityalo zinethuba elifanelekileyo leenyanga ezine ngaphandle konyaka, ngaphandle kwento yokuba izihlanganisi ezihlala ziluhlaza zihlala zigqitha kwi-40m ukuphakama.
Ihlathi laseBavaria. Ifumaneka eBavaria, emazantsi eJamani, iya e-Austria naseCzechoslovakia, apho ifumana amanye amagama (Sauwald kunye nehlathi laseBohemian, ngokulandelelana). Yindawo yokugcina yendalo yaseYurophu kunye nomthombo wokhenketho oluninzi, kuba ngaphakathi kuyo yiBavarian Forest National Park.
Ihlathi laseMagellan. Ifumaneka kumacandelo akumazantsi eeNtaba zeAndes, naseTierra del Fuego, yabelana ngeentlobo ezininzi zezityalo zayo namanye amahlathi asemazantsi e-Australia, Tasmania nase New Zealand, nangona ikwanazo neendawo eziphilayo ezifana nohlobo oluthile lwe-beech. Imozulu zazo ziphakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-3 ° C ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni zikufuphi kangakanani neAntarctica.
Ihlathi leUSainte Baume. Yaziwa njenge "hlathi likaMary Magdalene" kwaye kufutshane naseMarseille, eFrance, Ithathwa njengehlathi eliyimfihlakalo kuba iqulethe umqolomba ekuthiwa umntu wasebhayibhileni wasweleka emva kokugxothwa kwakhe ePalestine.. Ihlathi limalunga neekhilomitha ezili-12 ubude ngakwiliwa elinamatye kwaye namhlanje liziko lokundwendwela laseProvence yaseFrance.
Ipaki yeSizwe yeConguillío. Ifumaneka kwi-Araucanía yaseChile, inendawo eyi-60,832 yehektare yeentyatyambo ezahlukileyo nezingafaniyo kuloo mmandla, ubukhulu babo be-araucarias kunye nee-coigües zikhumbuza amaxesha angaphambi kwembali. Ubumanzi obulinganiselweyo kule ndawo busezantsi, kodwa imozulu ebandayo ebusika ihlala izisa iqabaka.
Ipaki yeSizwe eKanaima. Ifumaneka kwiphondo laseBolívar, eVenezuela, yindawo ye-UNESCO yeLifa leMveli ukusukela ngo-1994 kwaye ipaki yesithandathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Ububanzi bayo buyi-30,000 km2, ukuya kufikelela kumda neGuyana neBrazil, kwaye ineentlobo zezityalo ezingaphezu kwama-300 ezikhoyo.
KwiPaki yeSizwe eNkulu yeNtaba. Uluhlu lweentaba ezigutyungelwe lihlathi phakathi kwamazwe aseNyakatho Carolina kunye neTennessee, eyaziwa ngokuba ziiNtaba eziMkhulu zoMsi. Yeyona paki yelizwe ityelelweyo eMelika, inikwe uhlaza lwayo oluchumileyo lwemozulu efumileyo nefumileyo, kunye nentsalela yenkcubeko yase Appalachian esemazantsi.
Ihlathi leFontainebleau. I-60 km ukusuka eParis, eli hlathi, ngaphambili lalisaziwa ngokuba yiHlathi yeBhiya, ligubungela ummandla weehektare ezingama-25,000, embindini wazo izixeko iFontainebleau neAvon. Abazobi be-Impressionist benkulungwane ye-19 babedla ngokuphefumlelwa kukudibana kwemibala ngenxa yobugcisa bakho.
Ihlathi Elimnyama. Ngakumbi ihlathi elishinyeneyo lentaba kunamahlathi emvula afanelekileyo, lo mmandla wasemazantsi mpuma waseJamani uye wabhubha ngeendlela ezininzi zobugcisa kwaye namhlanje ubalulekile kubakhenkethi bendalo. Ngumcu wezityalo ezili-160 km ubude naphakathi kwama-30 nama-60 eekhilomitha ububanzi., Kuxhomekeke kwingingqi, apho imithi yemisipres ihlala khona.
Ihlathi leStyx Valley. Ihlathi eliphakathi leEucalyptus apho kukho ezona zityalo zide zentyatyambo ehlabathini (the I-Eucalyptus regnans), emi kwintlambo yaseTasmania, kuMazantsi eOstreliya, awela uMlambo iStyx. Indawo yayo iyonke ayaziwa.
Ipaki yeSizwe yaseLos Haitises. Emantla ntshona yeRiphabhlikhi yaseDominican kukho indawo yamagosa asondeleleneyo, anezityalo ezishinyeneyo ezomileyo kwindawo yonke engama-3,600 km. Igama lalo livela kwigama lomthonyama ukuchaza oku kunyuka ngamatye ngequbuliso okunokufikelela kwi-40m ukuphakama.
Isandi seCayoquot. Inabantu baseNuu-Chah-Nulth bemveli, eli hlathi libekwe kunxweme olusentshona lweVancouver Island lonakaliswe lishishini lokugawula imithi, linikwa ubomi balo obutyebileyo bezityalo zeeconiferi ezibandayo zemozulu. Ukukhuselwa kwehlathi ngamaqela kunye nabaphembeleli boXolo ngoKhuseleko babeke umzekelo obalulekileyo kolu hlobo lwamanyathelo Oko kwakhokelela ekusayinweni kwesivumelwano se-ecology ngo-2001.
IPaki yeSizwe yamaLwandle ePlitvice. Eyona ndawo yaziwa kakhulu kwiipaki zesizwe zaseCroatia kunye nendawo yelifa lemveli ye-UNESCO ukusukela ngo-1979, Inommandla we-30 lamawaka eehektare, apho i-22,000 igutyungelwe lihlathi, i-90% yayo ye-beech. Le paki ibingumgqatswa wokuba ngomnye weeNdalo ezisixhenxe zeNdalo zeHlabathi ngo-2011.
Ihlathi lasekuhlaleni laseCouvet. Isinye kwisithathu sommandla waseSwitzerland senziwe ngamahlathi. Kule meko, leyo ikwiNeuchâtel, eSwitzerland, yenye yezona zindwendwelwa ngabakhenkethi kwaye iyinxalenye yezityalo eziphantsi kakhulu ezikhuselweyo yiYurophu.
Iintaba zoMzantsi-mpuma China. Enye yeendawo ezinemozulu epholileyo ezinelona nani likhulu lezilwanyana ezikhoyo kwi-Greater Asia, likhaya le-panda enkulu esemngciphekweni ngoku. Kuphela yi-8% yehlathi eligcinwe likwimo entlenjengokuba abanye benenceba yokugawulwa kwemithi ngokungakhethiyo kunye nokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini.
Ihlathi laMaBhunga. Ifumaneka kwisixeko saseRosario, eArgentina, Yeyona ndawo inkulu eluhlaza kwisixeko esineehektare ezingama-260 zolwandiso. Yindawo engenelele kakhulu emntwini, ukuphinda enze amachibi okwenziwa kunye neendlela ezininzi, kunye namanyathelo amaninzi ophando oluzinzileyo.
Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe?
- Imizekelo yamahlathi
- Imizekelo yeentlango
- Imizekelo yeFlora
- Imizekelo yeFlora kunye nezilwanyana
- Imizekelo yeLandscands Landscapes
