Umxholo
Inkqubo ye- Unababolism kwaye i ikhatabhism Zezimbini iinkqubo zemichiza ezenza imetabolism (iseti yokuphendula kwemichiza eyenzeka kuwo wonke umntu ophilayo). Ezi nkqubo ziguqukile kodwa ziyahambelana, kuba enye ixhomekeke kwenye kwaye ngokudibeneyo zivumela ukusebenza kunye nokukhula kweeseli.
Ukunyanga
I-Anabolism, ekwabizwa ngokuba sisigaba esakhayo, yinkqubo ye-metabolic eyenziwe ngayo into entsonkothileyo ukuqala kwizinto ezilula, nokuba kungokwemvelo okanye kungaphili. Le nkqubo isebenzisa inxenye yamandla akhutshwe yi-catabolism ukudibanisa iimolekyuli ezinzima. Njengokuba: ifotosinthesisi kwizinto eziphilayo ze-autotrophic, synthesis of lipids okanye iiproteni.
I-Anabolism yenza isiseko sokukhula kunye nokukhula kwezinto eziphilayo. Inoxanduva lokugcina izicubu zomzimba kunye nokugcina amandla.
- Inokukunceda: I-Biochemistry
ICatabolism
ICatabolism, ekwabizwa ngokuba sisigaba sentshabalalo, yinkqubo ye-metabolic equka ukubola kweemolekyuli ezinzima ukuya kwezilula. Oku kubandakanya ukophuka kunye neoksijini yee-biomolecule ezivela kukutya okunje ngeecarbohydrate, iiproteni, kunye neepids. Njengokuba: ukwetyisa, glycolysis.
Ngexesha lokuphazamiseka, iimolekyuli zikhupha amandla ngohlobo lwe-ATP (adenosine triphosphate). La mandla asetyenziswa ziiseli ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kunye nokuphendula kwe-anabolic xa kusenziwa iimolekyuli.
Imizekelo ye-anabolism
- Ifotosinthesisi. Inkqubo ye-Anabolic eyenziwa zizidalwa ezizimeleyo (azidingi ezinye izinto eziphilayo ukuzondla, kuba zivelisa ukutya kwazo). Kwi-photosynthesis, into engaqhelekanga iguqulwa ibe yinto ye-organic ngamandla anikezelwa kukukhanya kwelanga.
- I-Chemosynthesis. Inkqubo eguqula enye okanye nangaphezulu yeemolekyuli zekhabhoni kunye nezondlo kwimicimbi yendalo kusetyenziswa ioksijini yeekhompawundi ezingaphiliyo. Yahlukile kwifotosinthesisi kuba ayisebenzisi ukukhanya kwelanga njengomthombo wamandla.
- Umjikelo kaCalvin. Inkqubo yemichiza eyenzeka kwii-chloroplast zeeseli zezityalo. Kuyo kusetyenziswa iimolekyuli zecarbon dioxide ukuvelisa imolekyuli yeswekile. Zizinto ezenza ukuba ii-autotrophic eziphilayo kufuneka zibandakanye izinto ezingaphiliyo.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kweproteni. Inkqubo yemichiza ethi ivelise iiproteni ezenziwe ngamatyathanga eeamino acid. Ii-amino acid zihanjiswa ngogqithiso lwe-RNA ukuya kumthunywa we-RNA, onoxanduva lokumisela indlela eya kuthi i-amino acid ijoyine ukwenza ikhonkco. Le nkqubo yenzeka kwi-ribosomes, ii-organelles ezikhoyo kuzo zonke iiseli.
- Iswekile yegluconeogenesis. Inkqubo yeekhemikhali eyenziwa yiglucose ivela kwizandulela zeglycosidic ezingezizo iicarbohydrate.
Imizekelo yekatabolism
- Ukuphefumla kweselula. Inkqubo yeekhemikhali apho ezinye iikhompawundi eziphilayo zithotywa zibe zizinto ezingaqhelekanga. Amandla akhutshiweyo asetyenzisiweyo asetyenziselwa ukuhlanganisa iimolekyuli ze-ATP. Zimbini iintlobo zokuphefumla kwamaselula: i-aerobic (isebenzisa ioksijini) kunye ne-anaerobic (ayisebenzisi ioksijini kodwa ezinye iimolekyuli ezingaphiliyo).
- Ukwetyisa. Inkqubo ye-Catabolic apho ii-biomolecule ezigqitywe ngumzimba zaphulwe zaze zatshintshwa zenziwa iifom ezilula (iiprotein zithotyiwe zaya kwi-amino acid, polysaccharides ukuya kwi-monosaccharides kunye ne-lipids ukuya kwi-fatty acids).
- IGlycolysis. Inkqubo eyenzeka emva kokugaya (apho iipolysaccharides zathotywa zaya kwiswekile). Kwi-glycolysis nganye imolekyuli yeswekile eyahlulahlula ibe ziimolekyuli ezimbini zepyruvate.
- Umjikelo weKrebs. Iinkqubo zemichiza eziyinxalenye yokuphefumla kweselula kwiiseli ze-aerobic. Amandla agciniweyo akhutshwa nge-oxidation ye-acetyl-CoA molecule kunye namandla eekhemikhali ngohlobo lwe-ATP.
- Ukuhla komgangatho we-asidi yenyukliya. Inkqubo yemichiza ethi deoxyribonucleic acid (i-DNA) kunye ne-ribonucleic acid (RNA) yenze iinkqubo zokuthotywa.
- Qhubeka: Iziganeko zemichiza
