Iindidi zeJografi

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Iindidi zejografi yabantu
Iindidi zejografi ebonakalayo

Inkqubo ye- ijografi Yinzululwazi efunda umphezulu womhlaba: inkcazo yayo yomzimba kunye neyendalo (isiqabu, imozulu, umhlaba, iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana); imbonakalo yayo ecacileyo kunye noluntu oluhlala kuyo. IJografi ichaza kwaye icacisa izinto zendalo nezentlalo, ukuba zazinjani kwaye zitshintsha njani ngokuhamba kwexesha.

IJografi yahlulwe yangamasebe amabini aphambili: iJografi yengingqi (kufundwa izakhiwo zejografi ezinje ngemimandla, imimandla, imihlaba, amazwe) kunye nejografi ngokubanzi, eyahlulahlulwe yaba:

Ijografi yomntu. Funda uluntu, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo, imisebenzi abayenzayo kunye nokusingqongileyo (indawo, imeko) abahlala kuyo.Funda umntu kunye nobudlelwane nendalo yakhe. Ibandakanya amasebe awahlukeneyo okufunda, umzekelo: inkcubeko yejografi yomntu, ijografi yasemaphandleni.
Ijografi yomzimba. Funda iimpawu ezibonakalayo zomhlaba kunye nezinto ezenza kuwo: iimeko zoncedo, utyani, imozulu. Ibandakanya amasebe awahlukeneyo okufunda, umzekelo: iklimatology, geomorphology

Iindidi zejografi yabantu

Ijografi yabantu basemaphandleni. Funda iindawo zasemaphandleni, ulwakhiwo lwazo, iinkqubo zazo, imisebenzi yabo, ukuba zenziwe njani, umgangatho wobomi babo. Ezinye iinzululwazi ezinokuthi zisebenzisane nale yi-agronomy kunye nezoqoqosho.
IJografi yabantu basezidolophini. Funda iindawo ezisezidolophini, ubume bazo, iimpawu zazo, izinto ezizenzayo, ukuvela kwazo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Funda imeko yendawo yasezidolophini.
Ijografi yonyango yabantu. Funda ngeziphumo zokusingqongileyo kwimpilo yabantu. Funda iimeko zempilo zabemi. Isayensi yayo encedisayo liyeza.
Ijografi yomntu yezothutho. Ihlalutya iindlela zothutho kunye neendlela zothutho ngaphakathi kwendawo enikiweyo, ifuthe labo kuluntu nakwindalo esingqongileyo.
Ijografi yoqoqosho lomntu. Funda umsebenzi woqoqosho kwisithuba esithile sendawo. Ibonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zoququzelelo lwezoqoqosho kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwezixhobo zendalo.
Ijografi yoluntu yoluntu. Funda iifom zezopolitiko nezentlalo yoluntu, amaziko, iinkqubo zikarhulumente.
Inkcubeko yejografi yabantu. Hlaziya inkcubeko yabantu abathile okanye intlalo kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabo.
Imbali yokuma komntu. Funda iinguqu kwezentlalo ezithi zenzeke kubemi abathile okanye kummandla wejografi ekuhambeni kweminyaka.
Ijografi yokwaluphala. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yijografi yejografi, ifunda iimpembelelo zabantu abadala kubantu.

Iindidi zejografi ebonakalayo

Imozulu. Funda iimeko zemozulu zommandla. Yahlulwe yajika yaba yimozulu yohlalutyo (ngokwezibalo ifunda ngeempawu zemozulu), iklimatology ehambelanayo (ihlalutya imozulu yeendawo ezinkulu zomhlaba) kunye nemozulu yasezidolophini (ihlalutya iimeko zemozulu yesixeko esithile).
Ukuma komhlaba. Funda iimilo zomhlaba. Yahlulwe: fluomal geomorphology (ifunda ezo ndawo zibunjiweyo ngenxa yokhukuliseko kunye neenkqubo zemvula), iithambeka geomorphology (ifunda umhlaba ophakamileyo, njengeentaba), umoya geomorphology (jonga indlela umhlaba otshintsha ngayo ngenxa yempembelelo Umoya), i-glomial geomorphology (ifunda ngendawo egutyungelwe yimimandla emikhulu yomkhenkce), i-geomorphology yemozulu (iphonononga ubudlelwane phakathi kwemozulu kunye nommandla) kunye ne-geomorphology eguqukayo (ifunda ukuguqulwa komhlaba ziinkqubo ezingapheliyo nezingaphandle ze-genesis kunye nokhukuliseko komhlaba) .
Umzobo wamanzi. Funda iindawo ezinamanzi abalulekileyo. Yahlulahlulwe yaba yi-hydromorphometry (ifunda ngemilambo kunye nemilambo, iimpawu zayo, ubungakanani bayo) kunye ne-hydrography yaselwandle (ifunda ezantsi nomphezulu wolwandle).
Ijografi yonxweme. Funda iimpawu zonxweme imilambo, ulwandle, imilambo, amachibi.
Uluhlu lwezinto eziphilayo. Funda ukuhanjiswa kwezinto eziphilayo kwindawo yasemhlabeni. Yahlulahlulwe yaphytogeography (ifunda ngezityalo zommandla kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwaba bantu), zoogeography (ifunda ngezilwanyana zommandla kunye nobudlelwane ababumisanayo) kunye nesiqithi se-biogeography (sifundisisa ngezilwanyana nezityalo kwiziqithi) .
Ipheulwazi. Funda ngemvelaphi yomhlaba kwindawo ethile.
Palaeogeography. Usebenze kakhulu ekwakhiweni ngokutsha kwesithuba kuzo zonke iindawo ezahlukeneyo zejoloji. Yahlulahlulwe yangamasebe amathathu: i-paleoclimatology (ifunda ngokwahluka kwemozulu kule minyaka idlulileyo), i-paleogeobiografi (ifunda ngokwahluka kommandla ngokubhekisele kwizityalo nezilwanyana), paleohydrology (ihlalutya uguquko lweelwandle, imilambo, amachibi).