Umxholo
Inkqubo ye- iinyani zentlalo, ngokwe-sociology kunye ne-anthropology, zezi ezo zimvo zolawulo lokuziphatha kwabantu eziveliswa eluntwini kwaye ezingaphandle komntu ngamnye, ezinyanzelekileyo kunye nokudibana. Yiyo ke, kukuziphatha kunye neengcinga ezibekwa eluntwini.
Le ngcamango yaqulunqwa ngusosayensi waseFransi u-Emile Durkheim ngo-1895, kwaye ucinga ukuba kukho uhlobo lokulungiswa komxholo ongaphakathi kwisifundo ngasinye, ukumnyanzela ukuba azive, acinge kwaye enze ngendlela ethile, ngokufana noluntu.
Isifundo, nangona kunjalo, sinokulichasa eli gunya lidityanelweyo, ngaloo ndlela someleza imeko yakhe yangaphakathi kunye nokuzimela, njengoko amagcisa esenza. Nangona kunjalo, ukwahlukana nenyaniso yezentlalo kunokuba neziphumo ngokuchasene nabo, njengokunyanzelwa kwabanye okanye, kuxhomekeke kuluntu nakwinyani, ukungavumi nokohlwaywa.
Iindidi zenyani kwezentlalo
Inyani kwezentlalo inokuhlelwa ngokweendidi ezintathu:
- Imilo. Abo bayila uluntu kwaye bayalela ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabantu kwiindawo zabo ezahlukeneyo.
- Amaziko. Iinyani zentlalo esele ziqulathiwe eluntwini kwaye ziyinxalenye eyaziwayo yobomi kuyo.
- Imibono yezimvo. Bayayithobela imfashini ethe kratya okanye enganeno yeefashoni kunye neendlela, okanye ezifumana amandla angaphezulu nangaphantsi ngokomzuzu woluntu, kwaye zityhalele uluntu kwindlela yokuzithoba ngokubhekisele kwinto ethile.
Ezi nyaniso zentlalo zihlala zisaziwa ngawo onke amalungu oluntu, ekwabelwana ngazo okanye hayi, kwaye bazibeka ngokwabo ngokubhekisele kubo, ngokuchasene okanye ngokuchaseneyo, ngaphandle kokuxoxwa ngaphambili nangayiphi na indlela. Ngale ndlela, inkqubo ibuyiselwa umva: imicimbi yentlalontle ichaphazela abantu nabantu kwaye bavelise imeko yeemeko zentlalo..
Okokugqibela, ukusuka kwindawo ethile yokujonga, Zonke iinkalo zokuthotyelwa komntu: ulwimi, inkolo, isimilo, amasiko, ziyinyani kwezentlalo Ezinika umntu loo ndawo ekuhlaleni.
Bona kwakho: Imizekelo yezithethe zentlalo
Imizekelo yezibakala zentlalo
- Ukuqhwaba izandla emva komdlalo. Indlela yokuziphatha koluntu evunyiweyo kwaye yonyuselweyo emva kwesenzo sendalo ethile yintswahla yokuqhwaba izandla, kwaye ngumzekelo ogqibeleleyo nolula wenyani yentlalo. Ababekho bazokulazi ixesha lokuqhwaba izandla kwaye kanjani, ngaphandle komntu obachazelayo okwangokukuthathwe nje sisihlwele. Ukungatatazeli, kwelinye icala, kuya kuthathwa njengesenzo sokudelela isenzo.
- Ukuwela amaKatolika. Phakathi koluntu lwamaKatolika, umnqamlezo uyinxalenye yokufunda kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwesiko, engagqitywanga kuphela ekupheleni kweMisa okanye ngamanye amaxesha aboniswe ngumfundisi weparishi, kodwa kwenzeka nakwixesha elibalulekileyo ebomini bemihla ngemihla: phambi kwe iindaba ezimbi, njengesenzo sokuzikhusela kumsitho onomdla, njl. Akukho mntu ufanele ukubaxelela ukuba bayenze nini, iyinxalenye nje yemvakalelo yokufunda.
- Ubuzwe. Ubushushu bePatriotic, ukuzinikela kwiimpawu zokuthand 'izwe, kunye nezinye iindlela zokuziphatha zelizwe ziyakhuthazwa ekuhleni luluntu oluninzi ekuphenduleni kwipateni yoluvo lokudelela isiqu sakho. Zombini ezi zinto, i-chauvinism (uthando olugqithisileyo kwisizwe) okanye i-malinchismo (indelelo yayo yonke into kazwelonke) zenza iinyani zentlalo.
- Unyulo. Iinkqubo zonyulo zizinto ezisisiseko zentlalo kubomi beRiphabliki yamazwe, yiyo loo nto benyanzelwa ngoorhulumente njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo yokuthatha inxaxheba kwezopolitiko, zihlala zinyanzelekile.. Ukungathathi nxaxheba kuzo, nokuba akuthwali zohlwayo zomthetho, kungamkelwa ngabanye.
- Imiboniso okanye uqhankqalazo. Olunye uhlobo lokuthatha inxaxheba kwabemi luqhankqalazo, oluthi bahlala bevela kumbono womntu omncinci okanye iqela kwaye emva koko baphakamise ukuhlanganisa kunye nokomeleza uluvo loluntu lwabantu, ngamanye amaxesha ubatyhalela kwizenzo zokungakhathali (ukugibisela amapolisa ngamatye), bezichanaba kwingcinezelo okanye nokophula imithetho (njengokuphanga).
- Iimfazwe kunye neengxabano. Inyani ebalulekileyo yentlalo kwimbali yoluntu ziimfazwe kunye neengxabano, ngelishwa. La mazwe odlulayo obundlobongela atshintsha yonke intlalo, umthetho kunye nezopolitiko zamazwe kwaye anyanzela uluntu ukuba luziphathe ngeendlela ezithile.: Ukulwa kunye nokuthintela, njengomkhosi, okanye i-anarchic kunye nokuzingca, njengakwimeko yabantu ababambeke kwimimandla yongquzulwano.
- Ukudibana kweetet. Utshintsho olunobundlobongela kurhulumente ziimeko zangaphandle zabantu ezinyanzelisa iimvakalelo ezithile, umzekelo, wovuyo kunye nesiqabu ekubhukuqweni nguzwilakhe.
- Ubundlobongela basezidolophini. Kumazwe amaninzi anomda ophezulu wobundlobongela bolwaphulo-mthetho, njengeMexico, iVenezuela, iColombia, njl. Amanqanaba aphezulu ezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho enza inyani kwezentlalo, kuba etshintsha indlela abantu abavakalelwa ngayo, abacinga ngayo kunye nabenza ngayo, ihlala ibatyhalela kwizikhundla ezigqithisileyo kwaye ivumela ukubanjwa kwabaphuli-mthetho okanye isimo sengqondo sobundlobongela obulinganayo.
- Ingxaki yezoqoqosho. Imiba yeengxaki zoqoqosho, etshintsha kakhulu indlela abantu abanxibelelana ngayo kwezorhwebo, ziyinyani yezentlalo ifuthe elinamandla kwiimvakalelo (ukuvelisa ukudakumba, unxunguphalo, umsindo), uluvo (ukukhangela ityala, ukuxhalaba kuvele) kunye nokwenza (ukuvotela abagqatswa abathandayo, ukuchitha kancinci, njl..
- Ubunqolobi. Ukusebenza kweeseli zabanqolobi kwimibutho ehleliweyo kunesiphumo esibalulekileyo sokuyila, esiye sazibonela eYurophu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21: ukuvuseleleka kobuzwe obunamaphiko asekunene, uloyiko kunye nokudelelwa kwabantu bamanye amazwe, i-Islamophobia, ngamafutshane. Iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo ezibekwa emntwini hayi kuphela kwizenzo ezinobundlobongela, kodwa kuzo zonke iingxoxo zosasazo.
- Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo yezeNtlalo
