Umxholo
Ukudityaniswa kwemichiza kweekati ezithile kunye neeayoni ezithile kuvela kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yikhemistry uyaphuma. Kwindalo zininzi ityuwa inyibilikiswe elwandle okanye yagungxukaUkwenza iiminerali zobunzima obuphakathi okanye obuphezulu. Ngokubanzi, ezi ziityiwa zetyuwa, oko kukuthi, zenziwe izinto ezingaphiliyo.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba ilitha yamanzi olwandle iqulethe umyinge wama-33 ukuya kuma-39 amagremu etyuwa. Iityiwa ezininzi zibalulekile Ukusetyenziswa kwekhaya, ezinye zibalulekile kwimizi-mveliso okanye kulwakhiwo.
Iityiwa zihlala zinayo i-crystalline ultrastructure, nangona kwimithombo yeendaba engamanzi ichithwe kwaye ionized. Iityiwa zibalulekile kwizinto eziphilayo, ziyanceda gcina i-homeostasis yeseli kunye nokulingana kwe-osmotic ngokukwazi kwayo ukubhengeza iimolekyuli zamanzi.
Nangona kunjalo, iityuwa ezigqithileyo zinokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu zempilo, ezinje uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ezinye izinto eziphilayo zifuna iityiwa zamaminerali ukuze zenze izakhiwo zokhuselo zangaphandle, Njengamaqokobhe kunye namaqokobhe. Kwaye kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo oko amathambo azo zonke izilwanyana ezinethambo lomqolo enziwe ngetyiwa.
Ityuwa ifumaneka phi?
Kwimvelo ezininzi iityuwa zigxile kwiiflethi zetyuwa, oku ku amachibi angaphezulu aneendawo ezineetyuwa. Njengokuba amanzi ephuma ngumphumo welanga, iityuwa ziyaqokelelana.
Ziyaziwa eMelika, umzekelo, i-salar de Uyuni eBolivia okanye leyo Atacama eChile. Ngokunjalo kukho iilwandle okanye amachibi atyebileyo kwiityuwa: owona mzekelo waziwayo ngulo ULwandle oluFileyo, emi kwi-416.5 yeemitha ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle, ngakumbi ityebile kwi-calcium, i-magnesium, i-potassium kunye ne-bromine salts. Ityuwa yoLwandle Olufileyo ijikeleze i-28%.
Ityuwa yendalo yile Iziphumo zempendulo phakathi kwealkali, Intoni isodiyam okanye i-potassium hydroxide, kunye nezinye i-asidi enamafutha. Le nkqubo yaziwa njenge saponification.Iityuwa ze-organic zihlala zineepropathi zokucoca, kungoko zihlala zisisiseko seemveliso ezahlukeneyo zokucoca.
Imizekelo yeetyiwa
| Isodium taurocholate | Benzalkonium chloride. |
| Ikhalsiyam carbonate | I-calcium oxalate |
| I-Potassium bromide | Isodium bicarbonate |
| Isalphate yeMagnesium | Disodium EDTA |
| Isodium chloride | Magnesium carbonate |
| Isodium hypochlorite | Isalphate yobhedu |
| I-tricalcium phosphate | Potassium citrate |
| Ammonium chloride | Ammonium sulphate |
| Isodiyam alkyl sulfate | Isodium tellurite |
| Isodium alkylbenzenesulfonate | I-potassium permanganate |
Ingakukhonza:
- Iityiwa zetyuwa
- Iityuwa zeOxisales
- Iityiwa zeasidi
- Iityiwa ezingathath'icala
