Umxholo
- Indaleko
- Imizekelo yokhetho lwendalo
- Inkqubo yomgama kunye neqhubekayo?
- Ukwenziwa ngokubanzi kukaDarwinism
- Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe?
Inkqubo ye- ukhetho lwendalo ibhekisa kwenye yeendlela zokuvela kweentlobo ze izinto eziphilayo, Yacetyiswa nguCharles Darwin noAlfred Russel Wallace, apho bacacisa ngobume bendalo.
Ukhetho lwendalo lwenzeka ngenxa ukulungelelaniswa okuqhubekayo kweentlobo kwindawo yazo. Xa abantu abaneempawu ezithile benqanaba eliphezulu lokusinda kunamanye amalungu oluntu, badlulisela ezi mpawu zemfuza kubantwana babo.
Bona kwakho: Ukuziqhelanisa nezinto eziPhilayo
Indaleko
Ukhetho lwendalo sisiseko salo lonke utshintsho olwenzeka kwindaleko, ikwayinkqubo apho izinto eziphilayo ezingcono zilungelelanisa izinto ezincinci ngokuhamba kancinci kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwezinto eziphilayo. utshintsho kwimfuza.
Igalelo lomntu kwisizukulwana esilandelayo liya kwamkelwa njenge ukusebenza ngokukuko kwezinto eziphilayo, kwaye luphawu lobungakanani oluquka ezinye ezininzi, ezinxulumene nokusinda kwezinamandla kunye nokuzala ngokwahlukileyo kwee-genotypes ezahlukeneyo.
Ithiyisi esisiseko yokhetho lwendalo kukuba imikhwa yelifa, kodwa nangona kunjalo kukho umahluko kuhlobo phakathi kweesampulu ezahlukeneyo. Ngele ndlela, kukho uhlengahlengiso lwendalo kwindalo esingqongileyo, kwaye kuphela ziimpawu ezithile zokubonakala okutsha ezandisiweyo kubemi bonke.
Izizukulwana zikwindaleko esisigxina, kwaye ichanekile iseti yomahluko Eziveliswa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana yintoni eyenza i Inkqubo yendaleko.
Ingakukhonza: Yintoni ukhetho lokuzenzela?
Imizekelo yokhetho lwendalo
- Ukuvela kweyeza kusekwe kwinto yokuba ekusebenziseni ii-antibiotics zentsholongwane okanye ibhaktiriya kunokwenzeka ukubulala ezinye zazo, kodwa ezo zisindayo ziyaxhathisa.
- Uboya obumhlophe bezilwanyana zearctic, obubavumela ukuba bazimele kwikhephu.
- Ukuzifihla kweentethe, okubenza babukeke njengamagqabi.
- Iintshukumo ze-gannet eyindoda eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukutsala iqabane layo.
- Iindlulamthi, ezinde ezinde zineentamo ezinde.
- Utshintsho lwemibala ye-chameleon xa inexhoba, okanye ukuzikhusela.
- Inkqubo yokwenza ikhonkrithi, ihlala iphantsi kophuhliso kodwa sele ingqinisisiwe enyanisweni, inokuphazamisa ukhetho lwendalo.
- Ooqongqothwane abaBrown banethuba elingcono lokusinda, kwaye banenzala eninzi, abantu baya rhoqo.
- Ityala lazo zonke iintlobo ezazinyamalala, kwaye oko kusaqhubeka nokwenza njalo.
- I-cheetahs, apho ezona zikhawulezayo zisindile.
- Ukuvela komntu kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-hominids.
- Ukulungiswa komhlathi wenyoka ukuginya ixhoba elikhulu.
- Utshintsho lwemibala yeenundu ezithile, ezikhuthazwa luhlaziyo lweshishini eNgilane. (Apha utshintsho kwindalo esingqongileyo lwenziwa ngumntu)
- Umdaniso oqhuqha weenyosi.
- Ukuxhathisa kwizinambuzane ezithile, eziqaqambisa umbuzo wokukhetha njengomthombo wokuphila.
- Ubume bemilomo yeentaka batshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha, njengoko emva kwembalela baqinisa, babavumela ukuba batye imbewu enzima.
- Ukukwazi kwabantu ukufunda ukuthetha.
- Ii-Orchids ezikwaziyo ukukhohlisa oonomeva ukuba 'badibane' nazo.
- Inyoka yenkosi engenatyhefu, edibanisa neenyoka zekorale ezinetyhefu.
- Amasiko okuthandana kweentaka.
Inkqubo yomgama kunye neqhubekayo?
Umbuzo wokuzivelela kwezinto uthathela ingqalelo ulongezo olongezelelweyo, kuba ukuba iimpawu zidlula kwinkqubo yendaleko njengoko kuchaziwe, a ukulandelelana ngokulandelelana kweentlobo, Ukuqhagamshela nganye yokwahluka kwemfuza okwakubonakala.
Kuphantsi kwesi sikhokelo apho ikhonkco lokuzivelela kwezinto lwenziwa phantsi kwalo umbono we ikhonkco elilahlekileyo, umahluko oshiyekileyo ukuze uchaze ngokupheleleyo indaleko. Nangona kunjalo, ayisiyiyo eyenzekayo: Indaleko inikwe amandla, enemixube phakathi kweentlobo nohlengahlengiso ngokungqinelana nolungelelwaniso olwahlukileyo kwindalo esingqongileyo, esenza ulungiso olushiya le ngcamango yonxibelelwano olulahlekileyo.
Ukwenziwa ngokubanzi kukaDarwinism
Umbuzo wokhetho lwendalo uphindaphindiwe ngokufaniswa kweminye imimandla, nangokongeza umbono ka Ndiyakuthanda Ucacise ngokuchanekileyo le mimandla, apho eyomeleleyo kunye neyona inamandla yile isindayo ngelixa ezo zingalungelelananga. Xa isiza iinkqubo zentlaloKucacile ukuba imeko kaDarwin yimeko ekhohlakeleyo nengqwabalala.
Ukuze inkqubo yokhetho lwendalo yenzeke, kufuneka ukuba kubekho umahluko kubuchwephesha bezinto eziphilayo, ukuba uhlobo lwe-phenotypic luyahluka, kwaye oku kwahluka kwenzeka ngokuzalwa.
Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe?
- Imizekelo yoKhetho lweArtificial
- Imizekelo yoLungiso (lwezinto eziphilayo)
- Imizekelo yokwahluka kwemfuzo
