Umxholo
- Iindidi zobudlelwane
- Indima kwinkqubo yendaleko
- Ukutshintshwa kwezilwanyana
- Imizekelo yobudlelwane bezilwanyana
- Unokukukhonza
Inkqubo ye- ukutyiwa Obu budlelwane bendalo apho olunye uhlobo kufuneka luzingele olunye ukuze luphile, kuba lumele kuphela ukondla.
Ukutyiwa kusoloko kudlala indima ephambili kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yendaleko. Ngaphandle kwezinto ezinqabileyo, abantu abakhoyo kulwalamano oludlayo (olubizwa ngokuba ngamarhamncwa kunye namaxhoba) zezendidi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko irhamncwa elinye linokuba lixhoba lomnye ngexesha elinye, ngelixa isilwanyana esinye sinokuba lixhoba lezilwanyana ezizingelayo.
Ngaphambili, ngokungafaniyo nolwalamano oluninzi lwendalo, kukho ixhoba elinye kunye nomxhamli omnye: irhamncwa lifuna ixhoba, ngelixa ixhoba lingadinga ukuzikhusela kwingozi ehleliyo. Ubudlelwane bokulwa bubandakanya ukubonwa okanye okonyusa intshabalalo ukuba irhamncwa limsondeze kufutshane nexhoba, okanye ukugxadazela okwenziwa buthule ukunqanda ukuchitha amandla.
Iindidi zobudlelwane
Oko kubizwa ngokuba kukunxibelelana kwebhayiloji okanye ubudlelwane bunokuba ziindidi ezahlukeneyo:
- Parasitism: Ukuba into ephilayo ifumana ukutya komnye umntu iyenzakalise ngokwenza oko, sisidleleli sayo.
- Ubuchule: Izinto ezimbini eziphilayo zinokufuna izixhobo ezifanayo ekukhuleni kwazo. Umzekelo, imithi emibini ebekwe kufutshane isenokufuna ukusebenzisa izakha mzimba, ukufuma kunye nelanga. Kule meko, baya kukhuphisana kwaye bayenzakalisana.
- Ukusebenza ngokukhululekileyo: Ukuba into ephilayo A ifumana isibonelelo esithile (inkonzo okanye isibonelelo) kwenye into B, ngelixa umzimba B ungazizinzisi kwaye ungazenzakalisi, umzimba A yinto eqhelekileyo.
- UkudibanaZombini ezi arhente ziyaxhamla kulwalamano.
- IntsebenziswanoZombini ezi ndidi ziyaxhamla kubudlelwane, kodwa ubukho bazo abuxhomekekanga kobo budlelwane, njengoko kusenzeka kwimeko yokudibana.
Indima kwinkqubo yendaleko
Ukutyiwa kusoloko kusembindini wenkqubo yendaleko. Inxalenye ye Inkqubo yendalo, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwezinye iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo eziveliswayo kunceda ekugcineni imeko elungelelanisiweyo: ukuba enye yazo iqale ukukhula ngokungalawulekiyo, inokuphelisa ukwaphuka kokulinganisela kwendalo.
Izilwanyana ezixhamlayo ziphethe ukugcina i-ecosystem, kwaye banobuqili ekulawuleni inani lamalungu ezinye iintlobo: bazi kakuhle ukuba oku akunakuba nokwenzeka kokuqhubeka nokukhula kubemi, owona mthombo uphambili wokutya ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuphela.
Ukutshintshwa kwezilwanyana
Rhoqo kwenzeka ulungelelwaniso lomzimba ithatha ithuba lokuthatha inxaxheba kolu lwalamano, kuba irhamncwa lihlala likhula ngozipho, amazinyo abukhali, isantya, ubungqongqo, lithathe isigqibo sokuzingela liqela kunye nohlaselo olothusayo, ngelixa ixhoba lizikhusela ngokubaleka, ukufihla, nokuzenza ngathi ukufa kwabo kunye nokulahla izinto ngevumba elibi okanye incasa.
Ukufihla
Enye yezona meko zibalaseleyo zenkqubo yokulungiselela kwangaphambili yile ukufihla, apho into ikwaziyo ukutshintsha umbala wayo kunye nobume bayo, ifane nembonakalo yomhlaba, kuye kusiba nzima ngakumbi ukwamkelwa lirhamncwa kwimeko yesimo sokuzikhusela, okanye lixhoba ukuba utshintsho lukhona kwirhamncwa .
Izilwanyana, ke, zuza i- efana nezinto ezingaphiliyo njengamatye, iziqu, amagqabi kunye namasebe, ngendlela yokuba phantse kunzima ukuyixabisa ngaphandle kokuba intshukumo ibenza ukuba babethe ngokukodwa: le ndlela yokuziphatha yaphindaphindwa ngabantu kwimisebenzi yehlathi yokuzingela kunye nemfazwe.
Imizekelo yobudlelwane bezilwanyana
- Ingonyama, irhamncwa lempala, iqwarhashe, inyathi (jonga umfanekiso).
- Ingcuka, irhamncwa leelk.
- Iirattlesnakes, amaxhoba eebadgers kunye nezinye iihagu.
- I-American mink, irhamncwa elincinci leentlanzi kunye neemollusks.
- Amabhadi, amaxhoba engonyama.
- I-Weasel, irhamncwa leentaka.
- Imbila, irhamncwa.
- Ingwe, irhamncwa lehagu zasendle.
- Ukrebe, irhamncwa leentlanzi ezininzi.
- Iinyamakazi, ixhoba lepuma.
- I-Anaconda, esona silwanyana siphilayo sasemanzini esibalulekileyo.
- Isele, irhamncwa.
- Inkumba, irhamncwa le-crayfish.
- Umvundla, ixhoba lengcuka kunye nempungutye.
- Ingwe, irhamncwa lenyathi.
- Ingwenya (alligator), irhamncwa leentlanzi ezithile.
- Iimpuku, ixhoba loodyakalashe.
- Ileming, ixhoba le-arctic owl.
- Ingonyama yaseAfrika, irhamncwa eliqwenga inyamakazi.
- Ingwe, irhamncwa leentlanzi ezithile.
- Ijaguar, irhamncwa lexhama.
- Itywina, irhamncwa leentlanzi ezithile.
- Udyakalashe, irhamncwa leentaka.
- Ijaguar, irhamncwa leetapir.
- Iimpukane kunye namabhabhathane, amaxhoba amasele.
Unokukukhonza
- Imizekelo yePredator kunye nexhoba
- Imizekelo yezilwanyana eziCarnivous
- Imizekelo yokuvumelana
- Imizekelo yeParasitism
- Imizekelo yolawulo lwenkululeko
