Umbhali:
Laura McKinney
Umhla Wokudalwa:
9 Utshazimpuzi 2021
Hlaziya Umhla:
16 Ucanzibe 2024
Umxholo
- Iimpawu zobuncwane
- Iimpawu ze-Oligopoly
- Iziphumo zokuba wedwa kunye ne-oligopoly
- Imizekelo yoxhamlo-bodwa
- Imizekelo yeeoligopolies
Inkqubo ye- Ukuzimela kwaye i oligopoly zizakhiwo zentengiso yezoqoqosho (imeko apho utshintshiselwano lweempahla kunye neenkonzo phakathi kwabantu zenzeka) ezenzeka xa kukho ukhuphiswano olungagqibelelanga kwintengiso. Kwimeko yokhuphiswano olungafezekanga, akukho bhalansi wendalo phakathi konikezelo kunye nemfuno yokumisela amaxabiso eempahla okanye iinkonzo.
- Monopoly. Imodeli yentengiso yezoqoqosho apho kukho umvelisi omnye, umhambisi okanye umthengisi wento elungileyo okanye inkonzo. Kwi-monopoly, abathengi abanakukhetha enye into elungileyo okanye inkonzo, kuba akukho khuphiswano.
Njengokuba: Ifemu ye-De Beers (imigodi yedayimani kunye norhwebo) ilawula imveliso yedayimani iyonke kunye namaxabiso amashumi eminyaka. - Oligopoly. Imodeli yentengiso yoqoqosho apho bambalwa abavelisi, abasasazi okanye abathengisi bobutyebi obunikiweyo, obulungileyo okanye inkonzo. Iinkampani ezingamalungu e-oligopoly zihlala zisebenzisana kwaye zichaphazela omnye nomnye ukuthintela ukhuphiswano oluninzi ekungeneni kwintengiso.
Njengokuba: UPepsi noCoca - uCola ngowakhe, kwamanye amazwe, phantse yonke intengiso yesiselo esinxilisayo.
- Inokukunceda: Monopsony kunye ne-oligopsony
Kuzo zombini iimodeli, kukho izithintelo zokungena ekunzima kakhulu ukoyisa iinkampani okanye amaqela azama ukungena kwintengiso. Oku kunokubangelwa bubunzima ekufumaneni isibonelelo, iindleko zetekhnoloji, imigaqo karhulumente.
Iimpawu zobuncwane
- Eli gama livela kwisiGrike Sazise: "enye kwaye ipoli: "ukuthengisa".
- Ukhuphiswano alufezekanga, abathengi okanye abathengi banyanzelwa ukuba bakhethe ukhetho olunye kuphela.
- Inkampani ilawula imveliso kwaye iseta ixabiso ngamandla ayo emarike ukusukela, ekubeni ikukuphela kwenkampani ebonelelayo, ixabiso alibekwanga ngunikezelo kunye nemfuno.
- Izizathu zihlala: ukuthengwa okanye ukudityaniswa kweenkampani; Iindleko zemveliso, oko kuthetha ukuba ngumvelisi kuphela onokuthi avelise imveliso okanye afumane ubutyebi bendalo; iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezandisa imida yazo ziye kwamanye amazwe; iimvume ezikhutshwe ngurhulumente kwinkampani enye.
- Amazwe amaninzi anemithetho echasene nokungaqiniseki ethintela ulawulo lweemarike kunye nokuthintela inkululeko yabathengi.
- Banokuthi okanye bangasebenzisi izixhobo zokuthengisa kuba belawula yonke into.
- Kukho ubunini bendalo xa, ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi, kufanelekile ukuba inkampani enye ivelise yonke imveliso. Zihlala zibonelela ngenkonzo ethile kwaye zilawulwa ngurhulumente. Njengokuba: inkonzo yombane, inkonzo yegesi, inkonzo kaloliwe.
Iimpawu ze-Oligopoly
- Eli gama livela kwisiGrike oligo: "bambalwa" kunye ipoline: "ukuthengisa".
- Kukho ukhuphiswano olukhulu kunelombuso wedwa, nangona kungathathelwa ingqalelo njengokhuphiswano lokwenyani, kuba ukuthengiswa kweemarike kulawulwa lolu hlobo lweenkampani ezithi, zizonke, zilawule ubuncinci i-70% yentengiso iyonke.
- Izivumelwano zihlala zisekwa phakathi kweenkampani ezinikezelwe kwinto enye, oku kuvumela ukulawula unikezelo lweemarike kunye namandla aneleyo okulawula amaxabiso kunye nemveliso.
- Sebenzisa ukuthengisa kunye nezixhobo zentengiso.
- Inokuthi ibe yodwa kwindawo ethile okanye indawo apho ingenakho abanye abakhuphisana nabo abanikela ngemveliso efanayo okanye inkonzo.
- Zimbini iintlobo: i-oligopoly eyahlukileyo, enemveliso efanayo kodwa eyahlukeneyo, umahluko kumgangatho okanye kuyilo; kunye ne-oligopoly egxile, imveliso enye eneempawu ezifanayo.
- Kukho i-oligopoly yendalo xa imveliso enkulu isenza ukuba ishishini lingaphili kwiinkampani ezincinci.
Iziphumo zokuba wedwa kunye ne-oligopoly
Ukuzilawula yedwa kunye ne-oligopoly zihlala zikhokelela kwintlupheko yentengiso kunye nokwenza buthathaka kwelo candelo lezoqoqosho. Ukungabikho kokhuphiswano lokwenene kunokubangela ukunqongophala kwezinto ezintsha okanye ukuphucula iinkonzo ezinikezelwa ziinkampani.
Kule mizekelo umlimi unalo lonke ulawulo kunye nomngcipheko omncinci kakhulu. Umthengi ulahlekelwa kukuba ukungabikho kokhuphiswano okanye ukhuphiswano olungafanelekanga kubangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nokuhla kwemveliso.
Imizekelo yoxhamlo-bodwa
- IMicrosoft. Inkampani yetekhnoloji yamazwe ngamazwe.
- Ifowuni. Inkampani yefowuni yaseMexico.
- ISaudi Arambo. Inkampani yeoyile yase-Saudi Arabia.
- Imbuyekezo NiSource Inc. Inkampani yegesi yendalo kunye nombane eMelika.
- Facebook. Inkonzo yemidiya yoluntu.
- Aysa. Inkampani yaseArgentina yoluntu ebaleka amanzi.
- Umnxeba. Inkampani yezonxibelelwano yeLizwe.
- Umnxeba. Inkampani yezonxibelelwano yaseArgentina.
- Uphando. Eyona ndawo isetyenzisiweyo yokukhangela kwiwebhu.
- UManzana. Izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye nenkampani yesoftware.
- Pemex. Umvelisi weoyile waseburhulumenteni waseMexico.
- Peñoles. Ukusetyenziswa kwemigodi yaseMexico.
- Televisa. Imidiya yaseMexico.
Imizekelo yeeoligopolies
- IPepsico. Inkampani yezizwe ngezizwe yokutya neziselo.
- UNestle. Inkampani yezizwe ngezizwe yokutya neziselo.
- EzikaKellogg. Inkampani yokutya ukutya kwezizwe ngezizwe.
- KwiDanone. Inkampani yaseFransi yokutya kwezolimo.
- Nike. Uyilo lweempahla zemidlalo kunye nenkampani eyenzayo.
- Iqela leBimbo. Indawo yokubhaka izonka.
- IVisa. Iinkonzo zezezimali kwizizwe ngezizwe.
- Mc Donald´s. Ikhonkco laseMelika leendawo zokutya ezikhawulezayo.
- Okwenene. Inkampani yaseFrance yezithambiso kunye neziqholo.
- UMars. Umvelisi wokutya wezizwe ngezizwe.
- UMondeléz. Inkampani yezizwe ngezizwe yokutya neziselo.
- Intel. Umenzi wesekethe odibeneyo.
- Walmart. Ivenkile neevenkile ezinkulu.
- Unilever. Umvelisi wezizwe ngezizwe wokutya, ucoceko kunye nezinto zempilo zempilo.
- Iprocter kunye neGamble (P & G). Umvelisi wezizwe ngezizwe wokutya, ucoceko kunye nezinto zempilo zempilo.
- Iqela leLala. Inkampani yokutya yaseMexico.
- Inbev. Umenzi wamazwe ngamazwe weebhiya kunye neziselo.
- Qhubeka: Imida yentengiso
