Ukudibana, ukuqiniswa, ukunyuka komphunga, ukuthambeka kunye nokujiya

Umxholo

• Imizekelo yokuhlangana
• Imizekelo yokuqiniswa
• Imizekelo yonyuko
• Imizekelo yangaphantsi
• Imizekelo yokunyanzeliswa

Kukho iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba apho umbandela unokutshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe urhulumente, utshintshane phakathi yomelele, ulwelo kwaye gase ngokweemeko ezithile zoxinzelelo kunye ubushushu ibekwe phantsi kwayo, kunye ne isenzo sokuvuselela ngqo.

Oku kubangelwe sisixa samandla ashukuma ngawo amasuntswana, avumela ukusondela okukhulu okanye okuncinci phakathi kwabo kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuguqulwe imeko yomzimba into umbuzo.

Ezi nkqubo zezi: ukudibana, ukuqiniswa, umphunga, ukuthambeka kunye nokujiya.

• Inkqubo ye- ukudibanisa Yindlela esuka kwinto eqinileyo iye kwinto engamanzi njengoko iqondo lobushushu lisonyuka (ukuya kuthi ga kwindawo yokunyibilika).
• Inkqubo ye- ukuqinisa yimeko echaseneyo, ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwinto eqinileyo, okanye ukusuka kwi-gase ukuya kokuqinileyo (ikwabizwa ngokuba crystallization okanye idiphozithi), xa ususa ubushushu.
• Inkqubo ye- ngumphunga Kuthetha utshintsho ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwimeko enegesi ngokwandisa iqondo lobushushu (ukuya kuthi ga kwindawo yalo yokubila).
• Inkqubo ye- Sublimation Iyafana, kodwa ayiqhelekanga kangako: utshintsho ukusuka kokuqinileyo ukuya kwi-gase, ngaphandle kokuya kwimeko yolwelo.
• Inkqubo ye- amafu okanye imvula, iguqula iigesi zibe lulwelo ukusuka kukwahluka koxinzelelo okanye lobushushu.

Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo yeSolid, Ulwelo kunye neGaseous

Imizekelo yokuhlangana

1. Nyibilikisa umkhenkce. Ngokunyusa iqondo lobushushu lomkhenkce, nokuba ulishiya kwigumbi lobushushu okanye ulifaka emlilweni, liya kuphulukana nokuqina kwalo kwaye liya kuba ngamanzi alulwelo.
2. Nyibilikisa isinyithi. Imizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo yesinyithi isebenza ngokunyibilika kokujoliswe kuko kwiifishithi ezinkulu zeshishini, ukuze zikwazi ukubumba okanye ukudibanisa nabanye (iialloys).
3. Nyibilika amakhandlela. Amakhandlela, enziwe ngeeparafini ukusuka hydrocarbon, ihlala iqinile kubushushu begumbi, kodwa xa iphantsi komlilo we-wick, iyanyibilika iphinde iphinde ibe lulwelo kwakhona de iphinde ipholile.
4. Magma wentaba-mlilo. Ifakwe phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu kunye namaqondo obushushu, le nto ihlala kwisiseko somhlaba inokucingwa njengelitye elinyibilikisiweyo okanye elinyibilikisiweyo.
5. Tshisa iiplastiki. Ngokwandisa ubushushu babo kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, iiplastikhi ezithile zikhawuleza zibe lulwelo, nangona ziphinde zomeleze ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba idangatye lingadibani ngqo nazo.
6. Nyibilikisa itshizi. Itshizi yimbumba yobisi egudileyo edla ngokuqina okanye ibengaphantsi kubushushu begumbi, kodwa xa iphantsi kobushushu iba lulwelo ide iphinde ipholile.
7. Iintsimbi. Inkqubo ye-welding ibandakanya ukudityaniswa kwesinyithi kusetyenziswa i impendulo yamachiza iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu, likuvumela ukuba ujoyine ezinye izinto zesinyithi njengoko zingaqinanga kangako kwaye, xa zipholisa, ziphinda zifumane amandla kwakhona.

Bona Okuninzi: Imizekelo eqinileyo yoTywala

Imizekelo yokuqiniswa

1. Guqula amanzi abe ngumkhenkce. Ukuba sisusa ubushushu (amandla) emanzini de ade afike kwindawo ebandayo (0 ° C), ulwelo luya kuphulukana nokuhamba kwalo kwaye luya kwindawo eqinileyo: umkhenkce.
2. Yenza izitena zodongwe. Izitena zenziwa ngomxube wodongwe kunye nezinye izinto kwi-semi-liquid paste, efumana imilo ethile ekubunjweni. Xa sele belapho, bayabhaka ukubasusa ukufuma kwaye babanike amandla kunye noxhathiso ngokubuyisela.
3. Ukwenziwa kwamatye e-Igneous. Olu hlobo lwamatye luvela kwimagma yeentaba-mlilo ezingamanzi ezihlala kubunzulu bomhlaba kwaye, xa ihluma ngaphezulu, iyaphola, ijiye kwaye iqine, ide ibe lilitye eliqinileyo.
4. Yenza ilekese. Iilekese zenziwa ngokutshisa nokunyibilikisa iswekile eziqhelekileyo, de kufumaneke into engamanzi emdaka ngombala. Nje ukuba ugalelwe kwisikhunta, kuvunyelwe ukupholisa kwaye kubenzima, ngaloo ndlela kufunyenwe i-caramel.
5. Yenza iisoseji. Iisoseji ezinje ngechorizo ​​okanye iisoseji zegazi zenziwe ngegazi lesilwanyana, ziyajijwa kwaye zihlanjululwe, zanyangeka ngaphakathi kwesikhumba samathumbu ehagu.
6. Yenza iglasi. Le nkqubo iqala ngokudityaniswa kwe impahla engekasilwa (Isanti yesanti, ikhalsiyam kunye nelitye lekalika) kubushushu obuphezulu, ide ifikelele kulungelelwaniso olulungileyo lokuvuthuza kwaye lubumbe. Umxube uyavunyelwa ukuba upholile kwaye ufumana ukuqina kwawo kunye nokungafihli nto.
7. Yenza izixhobo. Ukusuka kulwelo lwentsimbi (ingxubevange yentsimbi kunye nekhabhoni) okanye isamente, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa mihla le zenziwa. Isinyithi esingamanzi sivunyelwe ukupholisa kwaye someleze kwisikhunta kwaye ke ngesixhobo sifunyenwe.

Bona Okuninzi: Imizekelo esuka kwiiLwelo ukuya kwiiSolid

Imizekelo yonyuko

1. Bilisa amanzi. Ngokuzisa amanzi kwi-100 ° C (indawo abilayo kuyo), amasuntswana athatha amandla amaninzi kangangokuba aphulukane nobutyebi kwaye abe ngumphunga.
2. Iimpahla zixhonyiwe. Emva kokuhlamba, sixhome iimpahla ukuze ubushushu bendalo bumphumeze ukufuma okushiyekileyo kwaye amalaphu aqhubeke omile.
3. Umsi wekofu. Umsi ophuma kwindebe eshushu yekofu okanye iti yinxalenye kuphela yamanzi akhoyo apha umxube esiba ngumbuso wegesi.
4. Ukubila. Amathontsi okubila esikhutshwa ulusu lwethu ngumphunga emoyeni, ngaloo ndlela epholisa ubushushu bomphezulu wethu (bakhupha ubushushu).
5. Utywala okanye i-ether. Ezi zinto, ezishiyeke kubushushu begumbi, ziya komphunga ngexeshana elifutshane, kuba indawo yazo ngumphunga ingaphantsi kakhulu kunaleyo yamanzi, umzekelo.
6. Fumana ityuwa yolwandle. Umphunga wamanzi olwandle uphulukana netyuwa eyayidla ngokunyibilika kuwo, ivumele ukuba iqokelelwe ukusetyenziswa kokutya okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso, okanye nokuhlanza ityuwa emanzini (lawo asuka kumphunga aya kuguqulwa abe lulwelo, ngoku alunasityiwa).
7. Umjikelo wamanzi. Ekuphela kwendlela amanzi asingqongileyo anyukela ngayo emoyeni kwaye anokuphola ukuntywilisela kwakhona (oko kubizwa ngokuba ngumjikelo wamanzi) kukuba ngumphunga iilwandle, amachibi nemilambo, xa kufudunyezwa emini ngokwenza kwelanga ngokuthe ngqo.

Bona Okuninzi: Imizekelo yonyuka kolophu

Imizekelo yangaphantsi

1. Umkhenkce owomileyo. Kumaqondo obushushu egumbi, umkhenkce owenziwe ngecarbon dioxide (CO₂, inyibilikiswe kuqala emva koko yabekwa ngumkhenkce) ibuyisela kwakhona ifom yayo yomoya wokuqala.
2. Ngumphunga kwizibonda. Kuba e-Arctic nakwi-Antarctic amanzi awekho kubume bawo (bangaphantsi kwe-0 ° C), inxenye yawo ithambeka ngokuthe ngqo kwiatmosfera isuka kuhlobo lwayo lomkhenkce.
3. Naphthalene. Yenziwe ngamakhonkco amabini e-benzene, le nto iqinileyo esetyenziselwa ukugxotha inundu kunye nezinye izilwanyana iyanyamalala iyodwa njengoko iguquka, kubushushu begumbi, ukusuka kwisinyithi ukuya kwigesi.
4. I-Arsenic sublimation. Xa izisiwe kwi-615 ° C, le nto yomeleleyo (kwaye inetyhefu) ilahlekelwa yimo yayo eqinileyo kwaye iba yirhasi, ngaphandle kokuhamba kulwelo olusendleleni.
5. Ukuvuka kwee-comets. Njengoko besondela elangeni, la matye ahambayo afumana ubushushu kunye neninzi ye-CO₂ I-frozen iqala ukunciphisa, ukulandelela "umsila" owaziwayo okanye umzila obonakalayo.
6. Iodine sublimation. Amakristali e-iodine, xa eshushu, aguquka abe luphawu olubomvu kakhulu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokunyibilika kuqala.
7. Isalfure sublimation. Isalfure idla ngokuthanjiswa njengendlela yokufumana "intyatyambo yesalfure", ukuboniswa kwayo ngohlobo lomgubo ocolekileyo kakhulu.

Bona Okuninzi: Imizekelo ukusuka kwi-Solid ukuya kwiGaseous (kunye nenye indlela ejikeleze)

Imizekelo yokunyanzeliswa

1. Umbethe wasekuseni. Ukwehla kobushushu obuphakathi ngentseni kuvumela ukufuma komphunga wamanzi emoyeni kwiindawo eziveziweyo, apho iba ngamathontsi amanzi aziwa njengombethe.
2. Fogging yezibuko. Ngenxa yokubanda kobuso babo, izibuko kunye neglasi zezona zifanelekileyo zokufumana umphunga wamanzi, njengoko kusenzeka xa usenza ishawa eshushu.
3. Ukubila kwiziselo ezibandayo. Ukuba kubushushu obusezantsi kunokusingqongileyo, umphezulu wenkonkxa okanye ibhotile ezaliswe sisoda ebandayo ifumana ukufuma okusingqongileyo kwaye iwudibanise ube ngamathontsi abizwa ngokuba "kukubila."
4. Umjikelo wamanzi. Umphunga wamanzi osemoyeni oshushu uqhele ukunyukela kumaqondo aphezulu e-atmosfera, apho udibana khona namacandelo omoya obandayo kwaye ulahlekelwe bubume bomoya, ujikeleze ube ngamafu emvula aza kuwuphinda ubuye ulwelo emhlabeni.
5. Iimoya zomoya. Ayisiyokuba ezi zixhobo zivelise amanzi, kodwa kukuba ziqokeleleke kumoya ojikelezileyo, zibanda kakhulu kunangaphandle, kwaye zixinanise ngaphakathi kwakho. Emva koko kufuneka ikhutshwe ngomjelo wokuhambisa amanzi.
6. Ukuphathwa kwegesi kwimizi-mveliso. Iigesi ezininzi ezinokutsha, ezinjengebutane okanye ipropane, ziphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu lokuzizisa kwimeko yazo engamanzi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kube lula kakhulu ukuthutha nokuphatha.
7. Inkungu kwi-windshield. Xa uqhuba kwibhanki yenkungu, uyakuqaphela ukuba ifestile yangaphambili izalisa amathontsi amanzi, njengemvula elula kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokunxibelelana komphunga wamanzi nomphezulu, othi, xa ubanda, uthande ukufuma kwawo.

Bona Okuninzi: Imizekelo yokuNgena