Umxholo
- Ukwahlulahlula
- Imbali
- Ixesha elizayo
- Imizekelo yegalaksi ezikufutshane noMhlaba
- Imizekelo yeminyele ekude kakhulu
Inkqubo ye- iminyele ngamaqela amakhulu eenkwenkwezi asebenzisana nomxhuzulane, kwaye ahlala ejikeleza kwiziko elinye. Kukho amakhulu ezigidi zezigidi zeminyele kwindalo iphela, nganye nganye ineenkwenkwezi ezingaphezu kwetriliyoni zezigidi ngexesha, ngokwahluka kubukhulu, imilo kunye nokukhanya kwazo.
Isijikelezi-langa esinguMhlaba, njengaso sonke isixokelelwano selanga, sesomnye wayo yonke loo minyele ebizwa ngokuba Indlela yobisi .
Zenziwe ngantoni? Iinkwenkwezi, amafu egesi, iiplanethi, uthuli lwe-cosmic, into emnyama, kunye namandla zizinto ezibonakalayo kumnyelevu.Kwangelo xesha, ezinye izinto ezinje nge-nebulae, izihloko zeenkwenkwezi, kunye neenkqubo ezininzi zeenkwenkwezi zenza iminyele.
Ukwahlulahlula
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zegalaksi zikhokelela kudidi lwe-morphological, ukusuka apho iqela ngalinye lineempawu ezithile.
- Iminyele yomoya: Amagama abo bawabeka kubume beediski zabo apho iinkwenkwezi, irhasi kunye nothuli zigxunyekwe kwiingalo ezijikelezayo, ziphuma ngaphandle zisuka kumbindi wegalaksi. Zineengalo ezijikelezayo ezitshixiwe ngokungaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngokuqinileyo ngaphakathi kumbindi, kwaye zizityebi ngegesi nothuli ngenqanaba eliphezulu lokwakheka kweenkwenkwezi.
- Iminyele ye-Elliptical: Ziqukethe iinkwenkwezi ezindala, kwaye ke azinayo igesi okanye uthuli.
- Iminyele engaqhelekangaAbanawo ubume obukhethekileyo kwaye baphakathi kweminye iminyele emincinci.
Imbali
Isazi ngeenkwenkwezi sasePersi sihlala sikhonjisiwe al-Sufi njengowokuqala ukufaka ubukho beminyele, emva koko ukuya kumFrentshi uCharles Messier njengomhlanganisi wokuqala, ekupheleni Inkulungwane XVIII, Izinto ezingekho kwi-stellar ezibandakanya malunga neeklasi ezingama-30.
Yonke iminyele inemvelaphi kunye nendaleko, eyokuqala yenziwa malunga nesigidi se-1000 seminyaka emva kwe-big bang. Uqeqesho luvela kwi iiathom I-hydrogen kunye ne-helium: ngokutshintsha kwe mninzi yeyokuba ezona zakhiwo zinkulu zaqala ukubonakala, ezathi zathi zathi zadala iminyele njengoko zisaziwa njalo namhlanje.
Ixesha elizayo
Kwixesha elizayo, kulindelekile ukuba izizukulwana ezitsha zeenkwenkwezi ziya kuveliswa logama nje iminyele ejikelezayo inamafu e-hydrogen ezingalweni zayo.
Le hydrogen ayinasiphelo kodwa inonikezelo olugqityiweyo, ke xa ukwakhiwa kweenkwenkwezi ezintsha kuphelile kuya kufikelela esiphelweni: kwiminyelenge efana neMilky Way, kulindeleke ukuba Ixesha langoku lokwakheka kweenkwenkwezi liyaqhubeka kule minyaka ilikhulu lamawaka ezigidi, ukwehla xa iinkwenkwezi ezincinci ziqala ukuphela.
Imizekelo yegalaksi ezikufutshane noMhlaba
Inani elikhulu leegalaksi liza kudweliswa apha ngezantsi, ukuqala ngezo zikufutshane noMhlaba kunye nomgama wazo ovela kwiplanethi yethu:
| Amafu eMagellanic (Iminyaka eyi-200,000 yokukhanya ikude) |
| Inyoka (Iminyaka eyi-300,000 yokukhanya ikude) |
| Bhele elincinci (Iminyaka eyi-300,000 yokukhanya ikude) |
| Umkroli (Iminyaka eyi-300,000 yokukhanya ikude) |
| Isitovu (Iminyaka engama-400,000 yokukhanya ikude) |
| Leo (Iminyaka engama-700,000 yokukhanya kude) |
| NGC 6822 (1,700,000 iminyaka yokukhanya kude) |
| I-NGC 221 (MR2) (Iminyaka eyi-2,100,000 yokukhanya ikude) |
| I-Andromeda (M31) (2,200,000 iminyaka yokukhanya kude) |
| Unxantathu (M33) (Iminyaka yokukhanya eyi-2,700,000) |
Imizekelo yeminyele ekude kakhulu
- Z8_GND_5296
- Ingcuka-Lundmark-Melotte
- NGC 3226
- NGC 3184
- I-Galaxy 0402 + 379
- NdinguZwicky 18
- IHVC 127-41-330
- I-Comet Galaxy
- Ilensi yeHuchra
- IPinwheel Galaxy
- M74
- VIRGOHI21
- Iliso leMnyama iGlass
- KwiSombrero Galaxy
- NGC 55
- I-Abell yowe-1835 IR
- NGC 1042
- Dwingeloo 1
- Umzi wasePhoenix
- NGC 45
- NGC 1
- Isetyhula Galaxy
- I-Austral Pinwheel Galaxy
- NGC 3227
- ICanis enkulu yeDwarf
- Pegasus omncinci
- I-Sextans A
- NGC 217
- Pegasus Spheroidal Dwarf
- UMaffei II
- Fornax Ubunzima
- NGC 1087
- I-Galaxy Baby Boom
- Umjelo weenkwenkwezi weVirgo
- Ubuncinci be-Aquarius
- IDwingeloo 2
- ICentaurus A.
- Andromeda II
