Izinto ezingathath'icala

Umxholo

• Imizekelo yezinto ezingathathi hlangothi

Ngokobuncwane bazo, izinto zahlelwa asidi, ialkali okanye cala. I-asidi ilinganiswa nge pH, emele i-hydrogen. Into engathathi hlangothi ine-pH yesi-7.

Izinto i-pH yayo ingaphantsi kwe-7, Zizinto ezineasidi. Elona zinga liphezulu leasidi yi-pH 0. Ubumuncu buthetha ukuba uxinizelelo lwee-hydrogen ion ezingaphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo yehydroxyl ion ion (hydrogen neoksijini).

I-Acids ibonakaliswa ngu:

• Umuncu omuncu
• Redden iphepha le-litmus
• Khupha imveliso kunye ne-calcium carbonate
• Baphendula ngezinye izinyithi ezifana ne-zinc okanye i-iron.
• Banciphisa iziseko
• Kwisisombululo esinamandla baququzelela ukuhamba kombane
• Ziyabola kwizicubu zebhayiloji ezinje ngolusu
• Nyibilikisa izinto

Abo i-pH yabo ingaphezulu kwe-7, Zizinto zealkali. Elona zinga liphezulu le-alkalinity yi-pH 14. I-alkalinity ithetha ukuba uxinizelelo lwee-hydroxyl ion ezingafunekiyo (i-hydrogen ne-oksijini) ingaphezulu kune-ion ye-hydrogen ehlawulweyo. IiAlkalines, ezibizwa ngokuba ziziseko, zibonakaliswa ngu:

• Ukunambitheka okukrakra
• Iphepha le-litmus litile
• Azinangxaki ekuchukumiseni
• Izinto ezichithwe ziiasidi ziyenyuka
• Kwisisombululo esinamandla baququzelela ukuhamba kombane
• Nyibilikisa amafutha nesalfure
• Zithomalalisa iiasidi

Imizekelo yezinto ezingathathi hlangothi

1. Ubisi: ubisi yinto engathathi hlangothi (pH 6.5). Nangona kunjalo, xa idibana nejusi zesisu iba yinto eneasidi, ke, ngokuchaseneyo nento ekholelwa rhoqo, ayikhuthazwa into yokuba uyisebenzise xa unesifo sokuqaqanjelwa yintliziyo.
2. Amanzi abalekayo: Itephu yamanzi okanye amanzi empompo kufuneka angabi cala. Nangona kunjalo, amanzi anokuboniswa nge-ionized, oko kuthetha ukuba ii-ion ze-hydrogen (ezihlawuliswe ngokuqinisekileyo) zinokunyuka ngokuba neasidi.
3. Amaminerali amanzi ane gas: Izimbiwa kunye negesi emanzini asebhotileni ayitshintshi i-pH yamanzi asebhotileni.
4. Amaminerali amanzi ngaphandle kwegesi
5. Isepha yotywala: ulusu luphakathi kwe-asidi (pH 5.5 phantse) ngelixa iisepha eziqinileyo zine-pH enkulu kune-8. Isepha yeGlycerin kuthiwa "ayithathi cala" kuba ine-pH efana nolusu, kodwa ngekhemikhali yinto eneasidi, kuba ipH yayo ingaphantsi kwesi-7.
6. Isepha yokuhlamba ulwelo: isepha engathathi hlangothi ayinaburhabaxa kumalaphu kuneesepha zeasidi.
7. Igazi: phakathi kwe-7.3 kunye ne-7.4
8. Amathe: phakathi kuka-6.5 no-7.4