Izixhobo zomculo

Umxholo

• Imizekelo yezixhobo zentsimbi

Inkqubo ye- izixhobo zomculo ezibethwayo zezo zivelisa umculo kumaza afunyenwe emva kokubetha isingqisho kumhlaba othile wawo. Ukubethwa okunjalo kungahanjiswa ngesandla okanye ngesixhobo (esidla ngokubizwa ngokuba sisigubhu) okanye nangamalungu amabini ahlukeneyo esixhobo esinye.

Ezi zixhobo zingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iipatheni ezinesingqi okanye ukulinganisa amanqaku omculo, kwaye kulapho umahluko wabo ophambili ulele khona: inowuthi engapheliyo okanye engacwangciswanga, kwiqela lokuqala; kunye nokuphakama okuchaziweyo okanye ukujongwa, okwesibini.

Ezinye izixhobo:

• Izixhobo zomtya
• Izixhobo zomoya

Imizekelo yezixhobo zentsimbi

• Igubu. Yenziwe ngebhokisi yesandi eyakhiwe ngamacangci, egqunywe lilungu lezinto ezahlukileyo ezivala ukuvulwa kwayo, ikhupha izandi xa ibethwa ngesandla okanye iisilinda ezibini zomthi ezibizwa ngokuba ziigubu. Imvelaphi yayo ibuyela kumaxesha amandulo kwaye ibisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimatshi yasemkhosini nakwimibhiyozo.
• Igubu. Ngokufana negubu, kodwa ngokukodwa ngokukhupha izandi zebhasi, i-timpani ihlala iqulunqwe nge-cauldron yobhedu egutyungelwe yimbumba, efuna ukubethwa kweedrumstick zayo (timpani drumsticks).
• Xylophone. Imicu yezandla ezibini okanye ezine kwaye ihlala incinci ngobukhulu, i-xylophone okanye i-xylophone yenziwa ngothotho lweemakhishithi ezenziwe ngomthi ezinobungakanani obahlukeneyo, zilungiswe kwinkxaso. Xa kubethwa, iinkuni zivelisa amanqaku ahlukeneyo omculo kwinqanaba.
• Iphulo. Imile okwekomityi eguqulweyo neyenziwe ngentsimbi, njengeentsimbi zecawe okanye ezinye izicwangciso zasezidolophini, esi sixhobo somculo siyangcangcazela xa sibethwa, ngesiqhelo sisithonga esimiswe ngaphakathi kwindebe.
• Yenze. Esi sixhobo somculo sifana necymbal senziwe ngamacwecwe amabini esinyithi ancanyathiselwe ngentambo kubhontsi nakumnwe wesalathiso, njengee castanets, kwaye adibane nesingqisho esifunwayo, rhoqo njengenxalenye yomdaniso.
• UCelesta. Ngokufana nepiyano encinci ethe nkqo, isebenza nefuthe kuthotho lweenyundo, ezinxulunyaniswe nezitshixo zayo, ezibethayo zibetha iipleyiti zesinyithi ezicwangciswe kwisandi somthi. Njenge piyano, ine-pedal yokumodareyitha izandi zayo. Inokuqwalaselwa njengesixhobo sekhibhodi.
• IbhokisiIPeruvia okanye icajon. Imvelaphi yeAndean kwaye ithandwa kakhulu namhlanje, sesinye sezixhobo zokudlala umculo apho imvumi ime kuyo. Isandi sifumaneka ngokukhuhla okanye ukubetha kweendonga zebhokisi ezenziwe ngezandla.
• Unxantathu. Ngesandi esibukhali nesingapheliyo, ngunxantathu wesinyithi obethwa ngesitena sento efanayo kwaye uvumelekile ukungcangcazela, ufikelela kwisandi esikhulu nangaphezulu kweokhestra.
• UTaiko. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zemigqomo yaseJapan ziyaziwa ngaloo ndlela, zidlalwa ngamagubu omthi abizwa ngokuba bachi. Ngokukodwa, igama libhekisa kwigubu elikhulu kunye elinzima, elingashukumiyo ngenxa yobungakanani bayo, obethwe ngesamente.
• IiCastanets. Ukungeniswa ngamaFenike kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, ii-castanet ngokwesiqhelo zenziwe ngomthi kwaye zenziwe ukuba zingqubane phakathi kweminwe kwisingqisho somdaniso. Bahlala rhoqo kwinkcubeko yaseAndalusi, eSpain. Kuhlala kubukhali (isandla sasekunene) kunye nesandla esibukhali (sasekhohlo).
• IMaracas. IiMaracas zayilwa kumaxesha angaphambi kweColumbian eMelika, kwaye zinendawo eyindilinga ezaliswe ngamasuntswana e-percussive, anokuba yimbewu okanye amatye amancinci. Izizwe zemveli zisayisebenzisa, kodwa zodwa, ngelixa kumculo weCaribbean nakwintsomi yaseColombia-Venezuela zisetyenziswa ngababini.
• Igubu. Ngobunzima obukhulu kwaye obungapheliyo, uhlala enikwa umsebenzi wokumakisha ukubetha kwe-comparsa okanye yeokhestra. Kuqikelelwa ukuba imvelaphi yabo yase-Ottoman yabazisa eYurophu ngenkulungwane ye-18 kwaye ukusukela ngoko iguqukele kwinto ekuyiyo namhlanje.
• Ibhetri. Yiseti yezixhobo, kunokuba ibe nye, kuba amaqela akhaba imigqomo, imigibe yomgibe, amacangci kunye netom toms kufakelo olunye, ithandwa kakhulu kumaqela omculo wangoku. Idlalwa ngamagubu amabini omthi kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinyovwayo.
• Ingqumbo. Imvelaphi yayivela e-China, yidiski enkulu yesinyithi, ihlala yenziwe nge-bronze, enemiphetho engaphakathi egosogoso kwaye ibethwe yimallet. Ihlala imisiwe ngokuthe nkqo kwaye ivumelekile ukungcangcazela, ihlala inesiko okanye imisebenzi yokubhiyozela, kwiinkcubeko zaseMpuma.
• Intambula. Isakhelo esiqinileyo esenziwe ngomthi okanye enye into, erhangqiweyo kwaye egutyungelwe inwebu encinci kunye nokukhanya, apho kufakwa khona amarhewu amancinci okanye amashiti esinyithi njengeentsimbi ezisecaleni. Isandi sayo ngokuchanekileyo kukudityaniswa kokubethwa kwizinwe kunye nokushukuma kweentsimbi.
• Igubu leBongo. Yimizimba emibini eyenziwe ngomthi, enye incinci kunomnye, nganye igqunywe ngenwebu yesikhumba engenaboya, yolulwe ngeringi zentsimbi. Ixutywe ngezandla ezingenanto, ixhomekeke emadolweni kwaye ihleli.
• Cabasa. Ifana nqwa nemaraca, ngaphandle kokuba ngumzimba ongenanto kunye novaliweyo, oneentsimbi ngaphakathi, ezithi xa zibethwa ngesandla okanye zihanjiswe emoyeni zivelise isandi.
• Rattle. Inomthi womthi okanye isinyithi embindini kunye nezando ezininzi ezinokuhanjiswa, ethi xa ujikeleza kwi-axis ivelisa isandi esibizwa ukukhwaza. Ihlala inxulunyaniswa nemibutho kunye nemibhiyozo.
• Atabaque. Ngokufana negubu, lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkcubeko zaseAfrika okanye zeAfro-inzala, njengesingqisho secandombe. Zenziwe ngohlobo lomgqomo kwaye zidlalwa ngeencam zeminwe, isihlahla kunye nomphetho wesandla.
• IMarimba. Yenziwe ngemivalo yeplanga ebethwe ngesando ukuze ivelise kwakhona amanqaku omculo. Emazantsi, le mivalo inezandi, ezinika isandi esisezantsi kune-xylophone.