Imizekelo yezilwanyana ezisengozini

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Ulondolozo luthi
Imizekelo yezilwanyana ezisengozini

Uhlobo lwezilwanyana luthathwa njengolu ivuliweIngozi yokuphela xa inani leesampulu eziphilayo liphantsi kakhulu kangangokuba iintlobo zinganyamalala ngokupheleleyo eMhlabeni. Oku kunyamalala kunokubangelwa kukuzingela okungakhethiyo, utshintsho lwemozulu okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwendalo yendalo.

Ityala elingumfuziselo wokupheliswa kwazo zonke iintlobo zezinto yayilelo dodo okanye idrone bird (URaphus cucullatus), intaka engenakubhabha evela kwiZiqithi zeMauritius kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya, ukunyamalala kwayo iplanethi kwenzeka ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe nasezandleni zomntu, ngenxa yokuba kwakulula ukuzingela kuba isilwanyana sasingenawo amarhamncwa endalo.

Okwangoku ikhona Uluhlu olubomvu lweentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezisengozini, idityaniswe ngo-2009 nangaphezulu kwamawaka amathathu angeniso ahlukeneyo. I-International Union yoLondolozo lweNdalo (IUCN) inoxanduva lokulawula olu luhlu. kunye nokubeka iliso kunye nokukhuthaza ukugcinwa kwezi ntlobo, ngezindululo zokohlwaya ukuzingela, ukukhusela iindawo zokuhlala ezahlukileyo nokwazisa uluntu kubemi behlabathi ukuba sengozini yokutshabalala kwezilwanyana nezityalo.

Ulondolozo luthi

Ukuhlela amathuba okuphela kwezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo okanye iintlobo zezityalo, kusetyenziswa isikali esibizwa ngokuba “yindawo yolondolozo” Yenziwe ngamazwe amathandathu ahlukeneyo, ahlelwe ngokwamacandelo amathathu ngokwenqanaba lomngcipheko wentlobooko kukuthi:

Udidi lokuqala: INGOZI EMFUTSHANE. Zezona ntlobo zinika inkxalabo encinci ebusweni bokuphela. Yenziwe ngamazwe amabini ahlukeneyo:

Ukuxhalaba okuncinci (LC). Iintlobo ezininzi zeplanethi zifumaneka apha, ezinganiki ngozi ngokukhawuleza okanye kufutshane nokwehla kwenani labantu.
Phantse isoyikisiwe (NT). Ezi ziintlobo zezilwanyana ezingazifezekisiyo iimfuno zokuqwalaselwa emngciphekweni wokuphela, kodwa ikamva lazo libonisa ukuba zinokubakho kwikamva elikufutshane.

Udidi lwesibini: UKUSONGELWA. Iintlobo kumanqanaba ohlukeneyo omngcipheko wokunyamalala zifunyenwe apha, zicwangciswe kumazwe amathathu ahlukeneyo:

Ukuba sesichengeni (VU). Ezi ndidi zihlangabezana neemfuno ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo emngciphekweni wokuqalisa indlela yokuphela, okuthetha ukuba zisenokungabikho kwaphela, kodwa kungekudala ziya kubakho ukuba akukho nto yenziweyo. Uqikelelo lweentlobo zezilwanyana ezingama-4,309 ezikolu luhlu ngo-2008.
Emngciphekweni (EN). Iintlobo ngoku ezitshabalalayo, Oko kukuthi, inani labantu liyancipha ngokukhawuleza. Ukusinda ngexesha leentlobo zezilwanyana ezingama-2448 ezikolu luhlu (2009) kusongelwa kakhulu ukuba akukho nto siyenzayo ngayo.
Isemngciphekweni wokuGxekwa (CR). Ezi ntlobo ziphantse zaphela, ngenxa yoko kunzima ukufumana iisampulu eziphilayo. Ukuwa kwenani labantu kuqikelelwa ukuba yi-80 ukuya kwi-90% kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo. Uluhlu ngo-2008 lwaluneentlobo zezilwanyana ezili-1665 ezikolu luhlu.

Udidi lwesithathu: EXTINTED. Iintlobo eziye zanyamalala kwiplanethi yethu zifumaneka apha, nokuba zingasekho ngokusisigxina (i-EX) okanye zaphela endle (i-EW), oko kukuthi, kuphela ngabantu abazalwe kwaye bakhulela ekuthinjweni abaseleyo.

Ibhere lepanda (IAiluropoda melanoleuca). Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiGiant Panda, luhlobo olukude oluhambelana neebhere eziqhelekileyo, ezinempawu zoboya obumnyama nomhlophe. Umthonyama kumbindi we-China, kukho iisampulu ze-1600 kuphela endle kunye ne-188 ekuthinjweni (amanani e-2005). Yisimboli yeWWF (Ingxowa-mali yeHlabathi Jikelele yeNdalo) ukusukela ngo-1961, nanjengoko isesona sisongelo sezinto eziphilayo ehlabathini.
Iblue finch (UFringilla polatzeki). Ekuqaleni yayivela eGran Canaria, isiqithi saseSpain esikunxweme lwase-Afrika eSahara, yintaka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (eyindoda) okanye emdaka (obhinqileyo) efana namahlathi e-Canarian pine, ke iphakathi kwe-1000 kunye ne-1900 yeemitha ukuphakama. Okwangoku isemngciphekweni wokuphela, phofu yenye yeentaka ezisemngciphekweni ehlabathini, ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kwendawo ehlala kuyo ngenxa yokugawulwa kwemithi ngokungakhethiyo.
Ingcuka engwevu yaseMexico (I-Canis lupus baileyi). Ezi zincinci zengcuka zezona zincinci zikhoyo, ezingama-30 ezihlala eMntla Melika. Imilo kunye nobungakanani bazo ziyafana nezenja ephakathi, nangona imikhwa yabo ingobusuku. Babeqhele ukwenza iNtlango iSonoran, iChihuahua, kunye ne-Mexico esembindini indawo yokuhlalaKodwa ukunciphisa amaxhoba kwabakhokelela ekubeni bahlasele imfuyo kwaye bafumana ukuzingelwa ngokukhohlakeleyo ngokuziphindezela okwakhokelela ekuphelisweni.
Igorila yentaba (IGorilla beringei beringei). Enye yee-subspecies ezimbini ze-gorilla esempuma, inabantu ababini kuphela endle emhlabeni. Babengabalinganiswa abaphambili bezitudiyo zikaDian Fossey ezaziboniswa kwifilimu Iigorila kwinkungu (1988), ethe yazisa uluntu ngendlela emangalisayo yolondolozo lwendalo, inabantu abangama-900 nje kuphela, ngenxa yokuzingelwa ngokungenalusini apho benziwe khona.
Ibhere eliyiphola (IUrsus maritimus). Amaxhoba imo iyatshintsha ezinyibilikisa iipali, kunye nongcoliseko lwendalo kunye nokuzingela ngokungakhethiyo ngamaEskimo, ezi bhere zimhlophe zinkulu, enye yazo abadla inyama inkulu ehlabathini, zikwimeko yokuba sesichengeni enokuthi ikhokelele ekuphelisweni ngokukhawuleza. Ngo-2008 inani labemi liqikelelwa kuma-20 000 ukuya kuma-25,000 yabantu, ngama-30% ngaphantsi kunakwiminyaka engama-45 eyadlulayo.
Ufudo oluBuyayo (Iidemocheys coriacea). Eyaziwa njenge-leatherback, i-cana, i-cardón, i-leatherback okanye i-tinglar turtle, yeyona inkulu kuzo zonke iimfudo zaselwandle, ekwazi ukulinganisa i-2.3 yeemitha ubude kwaye inobunzima obungu-600 kg. Ihlala kulwandle olushushu nolushushu, isoyikiswa kukuzingelwa kwezorhwebo kunye nokulungiswa kwakhona kweelwandle ezizisebenzisela ukuzala, okubandakanya iingozi ezintsha kumaqanda azo okanye kubantwana bazo abasandula ukuqanduselwa.
I-lynx yaseIberia (I-Lynx pardinus). Ukutya okuxhaphakileyo okuxhaphakileyo kwiPeninsula yaseIberia kuyafana nekati yasendle. Ihlala yodwa kwaye ifuduka, kwaye isemngciphekweni wokuphela, kwiindawo ezimbini ezizimeleyo eAndalusia. Kwimingcipheko eqhelekileyo yeentlobo ezihlala nomntu wanamhlanje, ukutya okhethekileyo kwe-feline kufuneka kongezwe, okuthintela ekuzingeleni phantse imivundla kuphela.
Ingwe yeBengal (UPanthera tigris tigris). Yaziwa njengehlosi laseRoyal Bengal okanye ingwe yaseIndiya, esi silwanyana sidume kwihlabathi lonke ngoboya baso obuneorenji kunye nemigca emnyama, kunye noburhalarhume bayo obugqithisileyo nobugqwesileyo. Kuzingelwe kakhulu kule minyaka ingamashumi ngenxa yoboya bayo, nangona iyisilwanyana sesizwe samazwe afana ne-India kunye ne-Bangladesh, kwaye ithathwa njengomngcipheko wokuphela ebusweni bendawo yokukhula kwabantu.
Axolotl okanye axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum). Olu hlobo lwee-amphibian ezizalelwe kumazwe aseMexico lubaluleke kakhulu, kuba alwenzi metamorphosis njengayo yonke izilwanyana zasemanzini kwaye inokufikelela ekuvuthweni ngokwesondo ngelixa ineempawu zobungu (iigill). Ubukho bayo kwinkcubeko yaseMexico buninzi kwaye ngenxa yeso sizathu unikwe ukuzingela okukhulu, njengokutya, isilwanyana sasekhaya okanye umthombo wamayeza. Kunye nongcoliseko lwamanzi, oku kukhokelele kwingozi enkulu yokuphela.
Umkhombe weJava (Inkqubo yomkhombe). Ngokufana nomkhombe wase-Indiya, kodwa unqabile kakhulu, esi silwanyana sasemzantsi mpuma seAsia sincinci esincinci esifana nesilwanyana esinzima, esineempondo eziqwalaselwa kakhulu kunyango lwesiTshayina. Ngenxa yoku kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwendawo ehlala kuyo kusengozini enkulu yokuphela, kunye nenani eliqikelelweyo labemi abangaphantsi kwe-100 yabantu emhlabeni.