Etopeia

Umxholo

• Imizekelo evela kwi-ethopeia

Inkqubo ye- etopeia Ngumfanekiso othethwayo oquka inkcazo yokuziphatha nokuziphatha komntu. Njengokuba: Wayesoloko ehlala ngasemva eklasini. Wayethule, eneentloni, kodwa ekrelekrele ngakumbi kunabanye, nangona wayezikhathaza ngokungabonakali. Amaxesha ambalwa ebethathe inxaxheba eklasini, kwilizwi lakhe elibuthathaka, esokola ukuphakamisa, wathetha izinto ezishiya sonke singathethi. Uyakwazi ukuxela ukuba wayekhulile, ecinga kwaye ekhumbulekayo, kunye nokudala.

Ngokuhamba kwexesha, kongezwa ezinye iimpawu ezivumela ukuqonda komlinganiswa njengobuntu bakhe, amasiko, iinkolelo, iimvakalelo, izimo zengqondo kunye nokujonga umhlaba.

I-ethopeia yahlukile kwiprosopografi (inkcazo yokubonakala komzimba wabalinganiswa) kunye nomzobo (isixhobo soncwadi esidibanisa izinto zangaphandle nezangaphakathi kwinkcazo yabalinganiswa).

Ngokwesiqhelo, umTopiya uyenzeka xa umlinganiswa enikwa ilizwi lokuzibonakalisa ngokwemigaqo yakhe, imowudi yokuthetha, kunye nemifanekiso. Ngale ndlela, imalunga nokuvumela umlinganiswa azithethele ngokwakhe, esebenzisa incoko yababini, monologue okanye monologue yangaphakathi.

I-etopeia ithathwa njengesixhobo semidlalo yeqonga, kuba inyanzela umfundi ukuba angene kwi-psyche yomlinganiswa kwaye amele isidanga senkcazo.

• Qaphela kwakhona: Imifanekiso yentetho

Imizekelo evela kwi-ethopeia

1. Iinkqubo zabo zazingqongqo kangangokuba abamelwane babezisebenzisa ukulungisa iiwotshi zabo. Le yayinguKant, isithandi sobulumko, owathi, mhlawumbi ngenxa yebala lakhe eligulayo, wabambelela ekugcineni ixesha kunye nokuqikelela de kwasekufeni kwakhe. Yonke imihla, wayevuka ngentsimbi yesihlanu kusasa, ukusuka kwi-8 ukuya kwi-10 okanye ukusuka kwi-7 ukuya kwi-9, kuxhomekeke kumhla, wenza izifundo zakhe zabucala. Wayethanda izidlo zasemva kwesidlo sangokuhlwa, ezazinokufikelela kwiiyure ezintathu kwaye, kamva, rhoqo ngaxeshanye, wayehamba edlula kwidolophu yakhe angazange ashiye kuyo - emva koko azinikele ekufundeni nasekucamngceni. Nge-10, ngokwenkolo, waya kulala.
2. Oyena thixo wakhe wayeyimali. Soloko ejonge indlela yokuthengisa, nokuba ayithengiseki, kwabanye abangenamava abadibana nesikhululo, abathi ngamazwi nangemiboniso wakwazi ukubathimba nangeqhosha. Kuye, yonke into yayixabisa xa isiza kuthengisa. Inyaniso ayizange ibe ngumntla wakhe. Ngenxa yoko, kwathiwa igama lokuba ngu-sophist.
3. Encumile unokubona ixesha elidlulileyo elidlulileyo. Okwangoku, wayezimisele ukuyishiya apho, ngaphambili. Soloko ukulungele ukunika yonke into abanye. Nokuba bendingenayo. Le yindlela awayebuphila ngayo ubomi bakhe, ezama ukuba intlungu awayegqithe kuyo ingaguquki kwimpindezelo, ingqumbo okanye ingqumbo.
4. Abo bebemazi utata wam baqaqambisa ukuthanda kwakhe umsebenzi, usapho kunye nabahlobo. Umsebenzi kunye noxanduva aluzange luthintele uburharha bakhe; Kwaye wayengenawo nomtsalane wokubonisa uthando lwakhe phambi kwabanye. Inkolo, kuye, yayihlala inyanzelekile, ingaze ibe sisigwebo.
5. Umsebenzi awuzange ube yinto yakhe. Isiqhelo, nokuba kunjalo. Wayelala de kubeyiphi na iyure kwaye ahlambe ngamathuba. Nangona kunjalo, wonke umntu wasebumelwaneni wayemthanda, wayesoloko esinceda ukutshintsha uphondo oluncinci kwiimpompo okanye iibhalbhu ezitshileyo. Kwaye, xa wasibona sifika sithwele izinto, wayengowokuqala ukunceda. Siza kuyiphosa.
6. Wayengumculi, nakwindlela yakhe yokujonga. Ukuqwalaselwa kweenkcukacha, wafumana umsebenzi kwikona nganye. Isandi ngasinye kuye sinokuba yingoma, kwaye isivakalisi ngasinye sisiqwengana sombongo ongabhalwanga mntu. Umzamo wakhe kunye nokuzinikezela kunokubonwa kwingoma nganye ayishiye ngasemva.
7. Ummelwane wam uManuelito ngumntu okhethekileyo. Ntsasa nganye ngentsimbi yesithandathu, uhamba nenja ezoyikekayo. Udlalela amagubu, okanye kunjalo. Ke, ukusuka kwi-9 kuye kulowo owaziyo ukuba ngubani ixesha, isakhiwo siyangxola ngenxa yento ayithandayo. Ngokuhlwa, sonke isakhiwo siyanuka kunye nokulungiswa kweeresiphi ezingaqhelekanga awazifundiswa ngumakhulu wakhe. Ngaphandle kwengxolo, amavumba kunye nokukhonkotha kwenjana yakhe, uManuelito uzenza athandwe. Uhlala ekulungele ukunceda abanye.
8. Kuyabonakala ukuba umfazi wakhe wayemshiyile. Kwaye ukusukela ngoko, ubomi bakhe babudilikile. Busuku ngabunye, wayebonwa kwipatiyo yabumelwane ngebhotile yewayini enexabiso eliphantsi kunye neglasi engahlanjwanga. Amehlo akhe ahlala elahlekile.
9. Akazange achukumise i-microwave. Ukucotha komlilo kunye nomonde, kuye, makhulu wam, sisitshixo sayo nayiphi na iresiphi. Wayesoloko esilindile engqiyame emnyango, kunye nezitya zethu esizithandayo sele zibekwe etafileni, kwaye wasijonga ngenyameko njengoko sikonwabela ukuluma ngakunye, ngoncumo olungaphazanyiswanga. Rhoqo ngeMigqibelo ngo-7, sasizokumkhapha ukuya kwimisa. Kwakukuphela kwexesha losuku xa wayezimisele kwaye ethule. Ukuphumla kwemini wayethetha engayeki kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha ehleka, yonke into eyayijikelezile yayingcangcazela. Izityalo zezinye zezinto azithandayo. Wayekhathalela ngamnye wabo ngokungathi ngabantwana bakhe: wayebanisela amanzi, ebaculela kwaye ethetha nabo ngokungathi bayamva.
10. Amagama awazange abe yinto yakhe, wayehlala ethule: ukusukela oko wafika eofisini, enxibe isuti yakhe engenasiphako, kude kube lixesha lesithandathu, xa wayehamba engakhange enze sandi. Xa ibunzi lakhe likhazimla kukubila, kungenxa yenkxalabo yokuba wavuswa ukuba inani elithile alingekhe limvale. Iipensile zakhe, awayesenza ngazo izibalo ezingapheliyo, zihlala zilunywa. Ngoku sele ethathe umhlala-phantsi, siyazibeka ityala ngokungavanga ngakumbi ngaye.
11. Ubomi bakhe bufana, ekuhambeni kwakhe ngokungakhathali, umvangeli wentlalo-ntle, owathi wawa amasokolo amakhulu amashumi amathandathu eminyaka esondla izihlwele, ekhulula amakhoboka e-galley, enombono wemigama, isivuno esimnandi senkanuko, enuka into engaqhelekanga njengevenkile yakhe ene-sandalwood exabisekileyo yokulunga nobuchule. (UGuillermo Leon Valencia)
12. Iintyatyambo ezibomvu ezoyikekayo ziqhakaza phantsi kobuso bazo obunoxolo. Ziintyatyambo ezilinywe sisandla sam, isandla sikamama. Ndibunikile ubomi, ngoku ndiyabususa, kwaye akukho bugqi bunokubuyisela umoya kwaba bamsulwa. Abasokuze baphinde babeke iingalo zabo ezincinci entanyeni yam kwakhona, ukuhleka kwabo ngekhe kuzise umculo weendawo eziva iindlebe zam. Oko kuziphindezela kumnandi bubuxoki. (IMedea, ngokweSophocles)
13. Kodwa yeha! Ndihlelwa yinto efanayo neyotata. Ndiyintombi kaTantalus, owayehlala noothixo, kodwa, emva kwesidlo, wagxothwa kwinkampani yoothixo, kwaye, kuba ndivela eTantalus, ndiqinisekisa umnombo wam ngamashwa. (UNíobe, ngokwe-Euripides)
14. Ntombi yesona sizwe sibalaseleyo, uMetellus Scipio, unkosikazi kaPompey, inkosana yamandla amakhulu, umama wabona baxabisekileyo babantwana, ndizifumana ndishukunyiswa kuwo onke amacala ngobunzima obuninzi endinokuthi ndibuthathe entlokweni yam okanye ukuthula kweengcinga zam, andinawo amagama okanye amabinzana endinokuwaveza. (UCornelia, ngokwePlutarco)
15. UDon Gumersindo […] wayenobubele […] eluncedo. Uvelwano […] kwaye wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuze akholise kwaye abe luncedo kuye wonke umntu nokuba kungabiza imali emsebenzini, ukungalali, ukudinwa, okoko nje kungabizi mali yakhe yokwenene […] Uyonwabile kwaye ungumhlobo weziqhulo nokuhlekisa […] Kwaye babonwabile ngoncedo lonyango lwakhe [...] nangobukrelekrele bakhe, nangona babencokola kancinci ( U-Pepita Jimenez NguJuan Valera)

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