Umxholo
Inkqubo ye-umbane wombane Lisebe le-physics elisondela kumacandelo ombane kunye nemagnetism evela kwithiyori yokudibanisa, ukwenza enye yezinto ezine ezisisiseko kwindalo yonke eyaziwayo kude kube ngoku: i-electromagnetism. Eminye imikhosi esisiseko (okanye unxibelelwano olusisiseko) ngumxhuzulane kunye nonxibelelwano lwamandla olomeleleyo nolubuthathaka.
Le ye-electromagnetism yithiyori yentsimi, Oko kukuthi, isekwe kubukhulu bomzimba vector okanye tensor, exhomekeke kwisikhundla kwisithuba kunye nexesha. Isekwe kumlinganiso wee vector ezine ezahlukileyo (ezenziwa nguMichael Faraday kwaye zaphuhliswa okokuqala nguJames Clerk Maxwell, yiyo loo nto bebhaptiziwe njengo Izibalo zikaMaxwell) ezivumela isifundo esidibeneyo sombane kunye nemagneti yomhlaba, kunye namandla ombane ngoku, ukwahlula kombane kunye nokwahlulahlula ngemagnethi.
Kwelinye icala, i-electromagnetism yithiyori enkulu.Oku kuthetha ukuba ifunda ngeziganeko ezinkulu ze-electromagnetic, ezisebenza kwinani elikhulu lamasuntswana kunye nomgama omde, kuba kwinqanaba le-athomu kunye neemolekyuli linikezela kolunye uqeqesho, olubizwa ngokuba yi-quantum mechanics.
Nangona kunjalo, emva kohlaziyo lwe-quantum lwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, kwenziwa uphando lwe-quantum ye-electromagnetic interaction.
- Bona kwakho: Izinto eziziMagnetic
Iindawo zesicelo se-Electromagnetism
Eli candelo le-physics liyeyona nto iphambili kuphuhliso lwamacandelo amaninzi kunye neetekhnoloji, ngakumbi ubunjineli kunye nezinto ze-elektroniki, kunye nokugcinwa kombane kunye nokusetyenziswa kwawo kwimimandla yezempilo, i-aeronautics okanye ulwakhiwo.
Oko kubizwa ngokuba luHlaziyo lweSibini loRhwebo okanye iTshintsho kwiTekhnoloji ngekhe kwenzeke ngaphandle koloyiso lombane kunye ne-electromagnetism.
Imizekelo yokusetyenziswa kwe-electromagnetism
- Izitampu. Indlela yezi zixhobo zemihla ngemihla ibandakanya ukujikeleziswa kombane ngombane nge-electromagnet, enomtsalane wemagnethi etsala isando esincinci sentsimbi esiya kwintsimbi, iphazamise isekethe kwaye ivumele ukuba iqale kwakhona, ke isando siyibetha siphindaphinda kwaye sivelise isandi sitsala umdla wethu.
- Oololiwe Magnetic ukumiswa. Endaweni yokuqengqeleka koololiwe njengoololiwe abaqhelekileyo, le modeli yoololiwe i-ultra-teknoloji ibanjelwe kwimagneti levitation enkosi kumandla ombane afakwe kwinxalenye yayo esezantsi. Yiyo ke loo nto, ukucekiseka kombane phakathi kweemagnethi kunye nentsimbi yeqonga aqhuba kuloliwe kugcina ubunzima besithuthi emoyeni.
- Iinguqu zombane. Isiguquli, ezo zixhobo zeesilinda esizibonayo kwamanye amazwe kwimigca yamandla, sisebenza ukulawula (ukunyusa okanye ukunciphisa) umbane wamandla otshintshayo. Benza oku ngokusebenzisa iikhoyili ezilungelelaniswe ngokujikeleze isiseko sesinyithi, amasimi ayo e-electromagnetic avumela amandla okhoyo ngoku ukuba aguqulwe.
- Iimoto zombane. Iimoto zombane ngoomatshini bombane abathi, ngokujikeleza ujikeleze i-axis, baguqule amandla ombane abe ngamandla oomatshini. La mandla ngawona avelisa intshukumo yeselfowuni. Ukusebenza kwayo kusekwe kwimikhosi ye-electromagnetic yomtsalane kunye nokugxeka phakathi kwemagnethi kunye nekhoyili ojikeleza kuyo umbane.
- IDynamos. Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziselwa ukuthatha ithuba lokujikeleza kwamavili esithuthi, njengemoto, ukujikeleza umazibuthe kunye nokuvelisa umazibuthe onika amandla otshintsha ngoku kwiikhoyili.
- Umnxeba. Umlingo osemva kwesi sixhobo semihla ngemihla awukho omnye ngaphandle kokuguqula amaza esandi (anjengelizwi) kwiimodyuli zentsimi ye-electromagnetic enokuthi ihanjiswe, kuqala ngentambo, iye kummkeli kwelinye icala elinakho ukugalela Inkqubo kunye nokufumana kwakhona amaza ezandi aqukethe umbane.
- Ii-oveni zemicrowave. Ezi zixhobo zisebenza ukuvela kunye nokuxinana kwamaza ombane ekutyeni. La maza ayafana nalawo asetyenziselwa unxibelelwano ngonomathotholo, kodwa ngesantya esiphezulu esijikeleza iidiploma (amasuntswana emagnethi) okutya ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu, njengoko bezama ukuzilungelelanisa namandla kazibuthe. Le ntshukumo yile nto ivelisa ubushushu.
- Imagnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango kwe-electromagnetism kuye kwaba yinto engazange ibonwe ngaphambili kwimicimbi yezempilo, kuba ivumela ukuvavanya ngendlela engangenisiyo ngaphakathi kumzimba wezidalwa eziphilayo, ukusuka kuqhubo lombane lweeathom zehydrogen eziqulathwe kuyo, ukuvelisa intsimi itolikwa ziikhompyuter ezizodwa.
- Iifowuni Ezi zixhobo zixhaphake kangaka namhlanje zisebenza enkosi kwidayaphragm etsalwe ngumbane wombane, onovakalelo kumaza esandi ebavumela ukuba baguqulelwe kumqondiso wombane. Oku kunokuhanjiswa kwaye kugqitywe kude, okanye kugcinwe kuze kuveliswe kamva.
- Ubunzima beetrometram. Sisixhobo esivumela ukwenziwa kweekhompawundi ezithile zekhemikhali ukuba zihlalutywe ngokuchaneka okukhulu, ngokusekwe kukwahlulahlula kwee-athomu ezibabumbayo, ngokusebenzisa i-ionization kunye nokufunda kwikhompyuter ekhethekileyo.
- Ii-Oscilloscopes. Izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezinjongo yazo ikukumela imiqondiso yombane eyahluka ngokwexesha, ivela kumthombo othile. Ukwenza oku, basebenzisa i-axis yokulungelelanisa kwiscreen esinemigca eyimveliso yokulinganisa i-voltages ukusuka kumqondiso wombane omiselweyo. Zisetyenziselwa amayeza ukulinganisa imisebenzi yentliziyo, ingqondo, okanye amanye amalungu.
- Amakhadi Magnetic. Obu buchwephesha buvumela ubukho bamakhadi etyala okanye okuthenga, ane-magnetic tape polarized ngendlela ethile, ukubethela ulwazi ngokusekwe kuqhelwaniso lwamasuntswana e-ferromagnetic. Ngokwazisa ulwazi kubo, izixhobo ezichongiweyo zibonakalisa polarize amasuntswana ngendlela ethile, ukuze laa myalelo ke "unokufundwa" ukufumana ulwazi.
- Ukugcinwa kwidijithali kwiiteyiphu zemagneti. Eyona nto iphambili kwihlabathi lekhompyuter kunye neekhompyuter, ivumela ukugcina ulwazi oluninzi kwiidiski zemagneti ezinamasuntswana aphawulwe ngohlobo oluthile kwaye anokuchongwa yinkqubo yekhompyuter. Ezi diski zinokususwa, njengepeni yokuqhuba okanye ngoku iidiski ezingasasebenziyo, okanye zinokuhlala zisisigxina kwaye zinzima ngakumbi, njengemoto enzima.
- Igubu Magnetic. Imodeli yokugcina idatha, eyaziwayo kwiminyaka ye-1950 kunye neye-1960, yayiyenye yeendlela zokuqala zokugcina idatha. Sisilinda sentsimbi esinomngxunya esijikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu, singqongwe yimagnethi yezinto (i-iron oxide) apho ulwazi lushicilelwa khona ngenkqubo ye-polarization enekhowudi. Ngokungafaniyo neediski, yayingenakhanda lokufunda kwaye yayivumela ukuba kube lula ukubuyisa ulwazi.
- Izibane zebhayisikile. Izibane ezakhelwe ngaphambili kweebhayisikile, ezithi zivule xa useluhambeni, zisebenza ngokubulela kukujikeleza kwevili ekuncanyathiselwe kulo umazibuthe, ujikelezo lwalo oluvelisa umazibuthe kwaye ngenxa yoko ngumthombo othobekileyo wombane otshintshayo. Ukuhlawulwa kombane emva koko kuqhutyelwa kwibhalbhu kuguqulelwe ekukhanyeni.
- Qhubeka kunye: Izicelo zobhedu
