Ukunyibilika

Umxholo

• Imizekelo yokunyibilika

Inkqubo ye- ukunyibilika Ingaba i ukukwazi komzimba okanye into (ukunyibilika) ukunyibilika kwindawo enikiweyo (isinyibilikisi).

Eli gama lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza elona xabiso liphezulu lesinyibilikisi esithi isinyibilikisi sinokufumana phantsi kweemeko ezithile zobushushu (eziqinileyo) noxinzelelo (iigesi). Kule meko ichazwa ngeeyunithi zoxinzelelo, ezinje ngobuninzi, njl.

Ukunyibilika ayisiyiyo ndawo yonke yazo zonke izintoKe ezinye ziyanyibilika ngcono kwezinye kwaye ezinye azinyibiliki kwabanye-amanzi, adla ngokubizwa ngokuba sisinyibilikisi sendalo iphela, awunakunyibilika ngokupheleleyo kweoyile, umzekelo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokutshintsha ubushushu kunye / okanye uxinzelelo apho a umxube, okanye ukongeza ezinye izinto (ezikhuthazayongokuthe ngqo, imida yokuchithwa eyahluke ngokupheleleyo inokwenzeka.

Into ekhankanywe apha ngasentla yokunyibilika kwezinto ezimbini ixhomekeke, kwinqanaba leemolekyuli, yemikhosi yokunxibelelana phakathi kwamasuntswana ayo ahlukeneyo (ubumbano) kunye nohlobo lwento leyo. Yiyo loo nto kusithiwa "ngathi inyibilika ngathi."

Ekugqibeleni, xa isisombululo singasakwazi ukunyamezela, uxelelwe ukuba unguye Izele; kodwa ukuba bafumana iimeko ezithile kunokwenzeka ukuba bandise ubukho babo nangakumbi, ngaloo ndlela unomxube ukugqithisa.

Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo yeSolute kunye neSolvent

Imizekelo yokunyibilika

1. Ityuwa (isodiyam chloride) emanzini. Ityuwa eqhelekileyo ichithwa emanzini, ngokomyinge we-360 g / l, ukuba ikwi-20 ° C. Oku kubonisa ukuba iigrama ezingama-360 zetyuwa zinokunyibilika kwilitha enye yamanzi kobo bushushu.. Ukuba sonyusa ubushushu bamanzi, esi sixa setyuwa siyakonyuka.
2. Iziselo ezihlwahlwazayo. Ii-sodas ezinamathanga okanye ezibhotile zinomlinganiselo ophezulu wekharbhon diokside (CO₂inyibilikiswe ngaphakathi, ebanika uphawu lokudubula. Oku kwenzeka ngokususa umxube kwisimo soxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu.. Ngokuchasene nomzekelo wangaphambili, ukwandisa ubushushu balo mxube kuwenza ungazinzi kwaye kukhuphe iigesi ezingaphezulu, oko ke kunciphisa umlinganiselo wokunyibilika.
3. Izisombululo nge-ayodini. Izisombululo ezininzi ezisebenzisa iodine (ezinjengezo zisetyenziselwa ukupholisa amanxeba aphezulu) Awunakho ukusebenzisa amanzi kumalungiselelo awo, kuba iodine ayinyibiliki emanzini. Kwelinye icala, ngokusebenzisa utywala, izinga lokunyibilika liyaphucuka kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuvelisa umxube.
4. Ikofu enobisi. Ukuthatha umzekelo ikofu kunye nobisi, apho owesibini wongezwa kowokuqala, siya kuyibona loo nto izinga lokunyibilika kobisi kwikofu liyonyuka ukuba siyalonyusa iqondo lobushushu, ngelixa silinda ukuba izinto zipholile, ngokuqinisekileyo siza kubona ukwakheka kwamaqhuma okanye cream phezu komhlaba, Ubungqina bokuba isisombululo sigcwele ngokukhawuleza.
5. Ioksijini egazini. Sonke siyazi ukuba sidinga ioksijini evela emoyeni ukuze siphile, kwaye le nto iyigesi. Nangona kunjalo, le nto ihanjiswa egazini lethu ukuya kwizicwili ezahlukeneyo eziyifunayo, kwaye oku kwenziwa ngesisombululo, esivunyelwe zizinto ezifana nehemoglobin. Abantu abanobukho obukhulu bekhompawundi egazini banokunyibilikisa igesi eninzi egazini kunabanye abantu, yiyo loo nto bekwazi ukuba nezicwili ezinomoya..
6. Dissolve ethanol kwi-benzene nasemanzini. Ityala elinomdla: Nangona i-benzene ipolar kwaye amanzi engenayo ipolar, i-ethanol inokunyibilika kuzo zombini. Oku kungenxa yokuba inamacandelo e-hydrocarbon ayenza ifane ne-benzene (i-hydrocarbon) kwaye kwangaxeshanye ineqela le-hydroxyl (-OH) elinokuseka iibhondi ze-hydrogen ngamanzi.
7. Iigesi zomoya. Iigesi ezininzi esizikhuphela imihla ngemihla kwiatmosfera azinyibiliki emoyeni, zihlala ziyisusa kwaye zithathe indawo yazo. Nangona kunjalo, xa inyuka emoyeni kwaye yahluka ngoxinzelelo oluphantsi kwazo, le meko iyahluka kwaye umxube uveliswa ekugqibeleni, ethi ngamanye amaxesha ibe ngumthombo obalulekileyo we ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo (njengokutshatyalaliswa kocwecwe lwe-ozone).
8. Ipeyinti yeoyile kunye nokubhitya (ukubhitya). Ipeyinti yeoyile yokucheba zizinyibilikisi eziphilayo ezifumaneka kuyo Ioyile, ukubunjwa kwe-hydrocarbon kuvumela ukunyibilika komaleko wepeyinti yooyile, ioyile okanye igrisi, ezifanayo ekubunjweni nasekubambeni.
9. AmaNitrate (HAYI₃) emanzini. Zonke izinto ezenziwe zii-nitrate (amaqela e-nitrogen kunye neoksijini) anyibilika ngokugqibeleleyo emanzini. Oku kuqinisekiswe kakhulu kwiinkqubo ze- ungcoliseko lwamanzi ngomzi mveliso weekhemikhali okanye izichumisi zezolimo, inkunkuma, etyebileyo nge-nitrogen, iya elwandle nasemilanjeni, apho inyibilika ngokulula kwaye yehlise umgangatho wobomi bangoku.
10. Iiplastiki kwi-acetone. Iiplastikhi zihlala zichithwa ngempazamo kwi-acetone, njengoko kunokuba njalo kwiilensi kunye nezinye izixhobo ngempazamo zivezwe kwisikhonkwane sokukhipha isikhonkwane; Kungenxa yokuba banomgaqo-siseko ofanayo (we-organic). Kwelinye icala, akukho plastiki okanye i-acetone enyibilikayo emanzini, kuba ayabelani nge-polarity.

Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo yeZisombululo