Umxholo
- Yintoni usasazo?
- Imizekelo yokusasazeka
- Yintoni i-osmosis?
- Kuba ibalulekile?
- Imizekelo yenkqubo ye-osmosis
Inkqubo ye-ukusasazeka kunye ne-osmosis Zizinto ezibonakaliswa kukuhanjiswa kwe iimolekyuli lomzimba komnye umzimba onxibelelana nalowo wokuqala okanye owahluliweyo, kodwa nge-semiplasmic membrane. Ezi zinto zimbini zinokwenzeka ngokuchanekileyo zivula ukwahlula phakathi kwezi nkqubo zimbini.
Yintoni usasazo?
Yifayile ye- ukusasazeka Ukuxubana kweemolekyuli kwenzeka, ngenxa yentshukumo eqhuba ezabo Amandla eKinetic. Imizimba inxibelelana emva koko iimolekyuli zisasazwa, kwimeko echazwe ngu ithiyori yekinetic yento.
Le ntshukumo yenzeka nakweyiphi na imeko yemicimbi, kodwa ibonwa ngokulula kwimeko ye ulwelo. Utyekelo lwentshukumo lisingise ekwakhiweni komxube ofanayo weentlobo ezimbini zeemolekyuli.
Inzululwazi UAdolf fick esekwe ngo-1855 eminye imithetho ebizwa ngegama lakhe, kwaye ichaza iimeko ezahlukeneyo zosasazo lomcimbi kulwimi ekungekho kungalingani ekuqaleni. Le mithetho inxulumene nokuxinana kweemolekyuli kukwahluka koxinaniso phakathi kweendaba ezimbini ezahlulwe yimbumba, ukungalingani kwazo kunye nokuqina kwembumba.
Okulandelayo, amanye amatyala okusasazeka kweseli aya kuba ngumzekelo.
Imizekelo yokusasazeka
- Ukuhamba kweoksijini kwi-alveoli yemiphunga.
- Imithambo-luvo, ebandakanya ion ye-sodium kunye ne-potassium nge-axon.
- Ukuba isibini esinezixhobo ezimbini ezenziwe ngesinyithi esidityanisiweyo ebusweni babo sithathiwe, kwaye ubushushu buziswa ngaphantsi kwendawo yokunyibilika, kuya kuqinisekiswa ukuba ubume butshintshile: iiathom ze-nickel zinyibilikile zaya kubhedu.
- Ukutshintsha kobushushu bekomityi yekomityi yekofu xa kufakwa inani elifanelekileyo lobisi olubandayo.
- Ukungena kweglucose kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi, kuvela emathunjini.
- Kwichweba, kukho ukusasazeka okuxineneyo kwamanzi omlambo ahamba ngaphezu kwamanzi olwandle.
- Ukuba ubeka icephe leswekile kwiglasi yamanzi, iimolekyuli ze-sucrose zisasazeka emanzini.
- Ukusasazeka kweegesi kunokubonwa xa umntu oqholiweyo engena kwindawo evaliweyo, kwaye wonke umntu ulibona kwangoko ivumba. Kwenzeka into efanayo xa umntu etshaya ngaphakathi.
Yintoni i-osmosis?
Olona phawu luphambili lwelindle elinokungena ngaphakathi elinika inkqubo yoku osmosis kukuba ivumela ukuhamba kwesinyibilikisi, kodwa hayi isinyibilikisi: inezimbiwa zesayizi yemolekyuli ezinikezela ezi mpawu.
Ngale ndlela, kuyaqwalaselwa ukuba isinyibilikisi sithambekele ekudluliseni inwebu kwicala lesisombululo esixinaniso siphezulu, Ekuphela kwayo ukuvelisa ukuba isixa sesinyibilikisi sonyuka kwinxalenye egxile ngakumbi kwaye sinciphise kwinxalenye egxile kancinci. Le yinkqubo ephindaphindwayo de uxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic lulinganise imeko.
Kuba ibalulekile?
Ubunyibilikisi besinyibilikisi kunye nohlobo lwembumba ekufuneka isetyenzisiwe zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezimisela ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-osmotic: oko kubizwa ngokuba 'kukunyibilika' kugqitywa yimixokelelwane yeekhemikhali eziza necandelo ngalinye kwisisombululo. .
Inkqubo ye-osmotic ibalulekile kwiinkqubo zebhayiloji apho amanzi isisombululo kuphela, ngakumbi kwezo nkqubo zijolise ekugcineni ulungelelwaniso lwamanzi kunye ne-electrolyte kwizinto eziphilayo, elawula amanqanaba amanzi kwiseli okanye emzimbeni ngokubanzi: Ngaphandle kwale nkqubo, akunakubakho mgaqo ulwelo kunye nokufunxwa kwezondlo.
Imizekelo yenkqubo ye-osmosis
- Izinto eziphilayo ezineeseli enye ezihlala emanzini amatsha zingena emanzini ngesixa esikhulu samanzi.
- Ukufunxwa kwamanzi ziingcambu zezityalo, ezivumela ukukhula, kwenzeka ngesiqhelo solu hlobo.
- Ukufumana amanzi kwiiseli ze-epithelial ngamathumbu amakhulu yinkqubo enjalo.
- Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwe-osmosis luquka ukwahlula iitapile, ukubeka iswekile encinci ngamanzi kwelinye icala, kunye nembasa ngamanzi kwelinye. Iitapile zisebenza njengenwebu, kwaye emva kwethutyana kuyabonakala ukuba isisombululo esasineswekile ngoku sinamanzi amaninzi.
- Ihomoni ye-ADH evumela ukubuyiselwa kwakhona kwamanzi ngokuqokelela umbhobho kwizintso.
- Ukupheliswa komchamo ongxengwe kakhulu apho iintlanzi zikhupha elona xabiso liphezulu kunye nelahleko encinci yeetyuwa.
- Ukupheliswa kwamanzi ngokubila ebantwini kwenziwa nge-osmosis.
- Iifilitha zokucoca amanzi kunye ne-osmosis, kuba zenziwe ngesixhobo esivumela ukugqitha kwamanzi, kodwa hayi iimolekyuli ezinkulu.
