Iinethiwekhi zeLAN, MAN kunye neWAN

Umxholo

• Iindidi zonxibelelwano
• Iinkqubo zenethiwekhi
• Imizekelo yenethiwekhi yeLAN
• Imizekelo yenethiwekhi ye-MAN
• Imizekelo yenethiwekhi yeWAN

Ngokwenkcazo, a umnathaIikhompyutha okanye inethiwekhi yekhompyutha Yiseti ye izixhobo zekhompyutha kunye nesoftware (izixhobo kunye neenkqubo) zidityaniswe omnye komnye ngezixhobo ezibonakalayo zokuthumela kunye nokufumana ulwazi, Ukwabelana ngedatha, ukulawula izixhobo kunye nokunikezela ngeentlobo zeenkonzo.

Ezi nethiwekhi zisebenza njengalo naluphi na uhlobo lonxibelelwano olusekiweyo: ngonxibelelwano olulungelelanisiweyo kunye nolwamkelekileyo lwabathumeli kunye nabamkeli ngejelo lomzimba kunye nokusebenzisa ikhowudi eqhelekileyo. Ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi kuya kuxhomekeka kulungiselelo lwezi zinto, umzekelo, isantya sayo sokuhambisa idatha..

Inethiwekhi enkulu eyenziwe ngabantu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku yi-Intanethi: uthungelwano olukhulu lwezigidi zeekhompyuter ezinxibelelanayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba, ukwabelana ngolwazi kwihlabathi lonke kunye nokuvumela ukwenza iinkqubo kunye neenkonzo.

Iindidi zonxibelelwano

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwahlulahlula iinethiwekhi zekhompyuter, ezijongana nemiba eyahlukeneyo yokusebenza kwabo: uhlobo loqhagamshelo, ubudlelwane babo obusebenzayo, ithambo yabo ngokwasemzimbeni, isidanga sabo sokungafani, ukungqinisisa okanye umkhombandlela wolwazi lwabo, kodwa mhlawumbi olona lwaziweyo luluhlu ngokwe ububanzi bayo.

Ngokuhambelana, sinokuthetha ngeendlela ezintathu zenethiwekhi, ikakhulu:

• Iinethiwekhi zeLAN (Inethiwekhi yeNgingqi). Igama layo liqukethe isifinyezo kwisiNgesi seNethwekhi yeNgingqi yeNgingqi, kwaye zezona zinciphisa umda wazo kwindawo echazwe kakuhle yemilinganiselo emincinci, enje ngesebe, iofisi, inqwelo moya, nokuba kukweso sakhiwo sinye. Ukungabikho kweendlela zikawonke-wonke zonxibelelwano, zilawulwa njengenethiwekhi yendawo enye, ngaphandle kokuba zinokusebenzela abasebenzisi abaninzi ngaxeshanye.
• IINethiwekhi zomntu (Inethiwekhi yeNgingqi yeNqila). Igama layo liqukethe isifinyezo esiNgesini kwiMetropolitan Area Network, kuba sisantya esiphezulu sothungelwano esibonelela ngendawo kwindawo enkulu kuneLAN (enyanisweni iqulethe uninzi lwazo), kodwa ikhonkrithi kwaye ichaziwe, njenge isahlulo sesixeko.
• Iinethiwekhi zeWAN (Indawo ebanzi yeNethiwekhi). Igama layo liqukethe isifinyezo kwisiNgesi kwiNethiwekhi yeNgingqi ebanzi, kwaye ngeli xesha malunga nenethiwekhi ebanzi kunye nesantya esiphezulu, ezisebenzisa iisathelayithi, iikhabhathi, ii-microwaves kunye neetekhnoloji ezintsha ukugubungela indawo ebanzi. I-Intanethi, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, yi-WAN yomlinganiso wehlabathi.

Iinkqubo zenethiwekhi

Iikhompyuter ezenza uthungelwano zinxibelelana nabanye ngokuthetha "ulwimi" olunye, olubizwa njalo Inkqubo yenethiwekhi. Zininzi iinkqubo ezinokubakho, imigangatho yonxibelelwano kunye nokuqwalaselwa kokusebenza kwenethiwekhi ngokubanzi, kodwa ezona zixhaphake kakhulu zeziOKANYE UKUBA (Unxibelelwano lweeNkqubo eziVulekileyoUnxibelelwano oluvulekileyo lweenkqubo) kwayeTCP / IP (Uluhlu lwezothutho kunye nocingo lwenethiwekhi).

Zombini ezi protocols zahlukile kulwakhiwo lonxibelelwano ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngelixa i-OSI inamacandelo asixhenxe ochaziweyo onxibelelwano kunye nemisebenzi ethile, i-TCP / IP inezine kuphela kodwa yakhiwe ngokusekwe kubume obuphindwe kabini. Le yokugqibela yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele.

Imizekelo yenethiwekhi yeLAN

1. Uthungelwano lwasekhaya. Njenge-wireless (i-WiFi) nabani na onokuyifaka ekhaya ukuze basebenze iikhompyuter ezimbalwa kunye neeselfowuni. Ubungakanani bayo abunakugqitha kwimida yesebe.
2. Uthungelwano lwevenkile. Amasebe amancinci eshishini okanye evenkile ahlala enenethiwekhi yawo, ukubonelela ngoqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi kwiikhompyuter zabo, kwaye, rhoqo, kubaxhasi.
3. Inethiwekhi yangaphakathi yeofisi. Eofisini, kuthungelwano lwangaphakathi (i-intranet) kuhlala kumiliselwa ekunxibelelaneni neekhompyuter zabo bonke abasebenzi, Ukuvumela ukufikelela ngokudibeneyo kwimida (efana neprinta efanayo) kunye nokwabelana ngeefolda zomsebenzi okanye izinto ezinomdla kubo bobabini.
4. Inethiwekhi yoluntu kwisikwere. Kwizixeko ezininzi inkqubo yoluntu neyasimahla ye-Intanethi iyasetyenziswa, ngamanqaku oxhulumaniso olungenazingcingo olunoluhlu olungagqithiyo kwiimitha ezimbalwa kwiradiyo.
5. Inethiwekhi elandelelanayo kwigumbi lokuhlala. Iivenkile ezikwi-Intanethi okanye iifowuni zeefowuni ngamashishini afumene i-boom eninzi ngokungena kwi-Intanethi ngaphambi kokufika kwe Iifowuni. Babeqhele ukuba neekhompyuter ezininzi ezinonxibelelwano lwe-Intanethi olufumanekayo ukuze lusetyenziswe luluntu., kodwa yayakhelwe kuthungelwano lwangaphakathi ololawulo lwalo luhlala kwikhompyuter yomphathi wesakhiwo.

Imizekelo yenethiwekhi ye-MAN

1. Inethiwekhi yabaphathiswa. Iiarhente ezininzi zikarhulumente zifuna ukusebenzisana okanye zabelane ngedatha ebalulekileyo, ke Banxibelelana ngomnatha wefayibha obavumela ukuba babe kwelinye icala lesixeko kwaye bangalahleki kunxibelelwano.
2. Inethiwekhi phakathi kwamasebe. Iivenkile ezininzi kunye namashishini aqhagamshelene kwakwisixeko esinye, ukuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba afune imveliso kwisebe elikufutshane kwaye, ukuba ayifumaneki, Banokuyicela kwenye indawo kude ngakumbi okanye, kwimeko embi, baqondise umxhasi kwincwadi yelinye isebe.
3. Inethiwekhi ye ISP yendawo. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-ISP (Umniki-Sevisi Ye-Intanethi) kwiinkampani ezithengisa abantu ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi. Benza ngokuchanekileyo kwiinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo ze-MAN, nganye nganye ilawula izixhobo zesixeko okanye indawo. kubathengi abohlukeneyo bayicela, oko kukuthi, kwi-LAN nganye.
4. Inethiwekhi kwikhampasi yaseyunivesithi. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-CAN (Inethiwekhi yendawo yeKhampasi), Ngokwenyani INDODA ehlengahlengiswe kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezenza isixeko saseyunivesithi, kwaye banokwahlulwa ngokugqibeleleyo omnye komnye ngumgama omkhulu.
5. Uthungelwano lukarhulumente kamasipala. Idatha kamasipala okanye usodolophu zihlala zabiwa kuthungelwano oluchaphazela kuphela abo bahlala kulo, kuba abemi bezinye iindawo baya kuba nezabo. Ke, ukuhlawulwa kweerhafu zikamasipala okanye iinkqubo zoorhulumente zinokwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo..

Imizekelo yenethiwekhi yeWAN

1. I-intanethi. Owona mzekelo ubalaseleyo we-WAN okhoyo yi-Intanethi, ekwaziyo ukunxibelelana ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zetekhnoloji kumgama omkhulu, nokuba usuka kwelinye icala lehlabathi uye kwelinye. Yinethiwekhi enkulu ehlala ithelekiswa nolwandle, umendo ophakamileyo, okanye indalo iphela..
2. Uthungelwano lwebhanki lukazwelonke. Amasebe eBhanki elizweni alawulwa kuthungelwano olukhulu kunye nokunxibelelana nezinye iibhanki nkqu neebhanki zaphesheya. Nganye yezi nethiwekhi yi-WAN evumela umsebenzisi ukuba akhuphe imali kwi-ATM kwelinye icala lelizwe, okanye nakwelinye ilizwe..
3. Uthungelwano lweshishini lwelizwe. Amashishini amakhulu ezorhwebo anobukho kumazwe ahlukeneyo ehlabathi, agcina abasebenzi babo benxibelelana nge-WAN ekhethekileyo yenkampani, ukuze batshintshisane ngolwazi kwaye baqhubeke nokunxibelelana rhoqo nangona bekwamazwe ahlukeneyo.
4. Uthungelwano lwezomkhosi. Uthungelwano olwahlukeneyo lokhuselo kunye nolomkhosi oluchaphazela iisathelayithi, iinqanawa, iinqwelomoya kunye nezinye izithuthi ezisasazeke kwihlabathi liphela, Zibanzi ngokubanzi kwaye zinkulu kakhulu kububanzi, ke zinokubakho kuphela kuhlobo lwe-WAN.
5. Hlawula uthungelwano lweTV. Ikhebula okanye ithelevishini kamabonwakude kunye nolunye ulonwabo kunye neenkonzo zolwazi ezisekwe kubuchwepheshe obutsha, Kufuneka basebenzise inethiwekhi ye-WAN ukudibanisa ababhalisi bayo kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwekazi.