Umxholo
Inkqubo ye-imibhobho yamanzi Ziyimichiza yamachiza edibanisa ii-athomu ze-hydrogen kwimolekyuli yazo (imeko yayo i-oxidation, kwiimeko ezininzi, -1) kunye nee-athomu zaso nasiphi na isakhi kwitheyibhile yamaxesha.
Iindidi ezintathu zehydrides ziyaqatshelwa:
- Isinyithi esinyithi: Zizo ezo zenziwe ngezinto zealkaline kunye nealkaline-earth, oko kukuthi, kunye nezo zingasekhohlo kwitheyibhile yamaxesha. Zizinto ezingaguqukiyo ezibonisa ukuqhuba. I-Hydrogen ifumaneka kuzo njenge-hydride ion H¯. Ngaphakathi kweli qela kunokwenzeka ukwahlula ii-hydrides ezenza ezona zixhobo zininzi zentsimbi (ukusuka kumaqela 1 no-2); ezi hydrides zihlala zibizwa ngokuba yi-saline hydrides. I-saline hydrides ngokubanzi zimhlophe okanye zingwevu eziqinileyo ezifumaneka ngokuphendula ngokuthe ngqo kwesinyithi ngehydrogen kumaqondo aphezulu obushushu.
- Iihydrides ezingahambelaniyo okanye ezingezizo ezesinyithi:Zizo ezo zenziwe ngezinto ezingezizo ezesinyithi kodwa zincinci i-electronegative, ngokukodwa, nge-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-arsenic, i-antimony, i-bismuth, i-boron, i-carbon kunye ne-silicon: zonke ezi zifumana amagama athile, ngaphaya kwegama eliqhelekileyo; zonke zizinyithi zentsimbi okanye isinyithi esivela kwi-block block. Banokubizwa ngokuba ziihydride zee molekyuli okanye ezi-covalent, kuba zineebhondi ezihlangeneyo. Benza izimbiwa zemiba ethile. I-Silane, i-hydride ekweli qela, inomdla okhulayo ngexabiso layo ekwenziweni kwee-nanoparticles.
- Hydridi hydrogen:) Kwimeko yokugqibela kuphela apho i-hydrogen isebenza ngenombolo yayo ye-oxidation (+1) kwaye enye into yeyona nto isebenza ngenani le-oxidation (-1 kwii-halogens, -2 kwi-amphogens).
Imizekelo yeehydrides
- Isodium hydride (NaH)
- Iphosphine (PH3)
- I-Barium hydride (BaH2)
- IBismutin (Bi2S3)
- I-hydride yePermanganic (MnH7)
- IAmmonia (NH3)
- IArsine (AsH3)
- Stibinite okanye i-antimonite
- I-Hydrobromic acid (HBr)
- I-Borano (BH3)
- Imethane (CH4)
- I-Silane (SiH₄)
- I-Hydrofluoric acid (HF)
- I-Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Ayoni hydride (FeH3)
- Ihydroiodic acid (HI)
- IHydrogen sulfide (H2S)
- I-asidi ye-Selenhydric (H2Se)
- I-asidi ye-Tellurhydric (H2Te)
- Lithium hydride (LiH)
Ukusetyenziswa kweehydrides
Phakathi kokusetyenziswa kweehydrides sinokukhankanya ezo desiccants kunye nezinciphisi, ezinye zisetyenziswa njenge imithombo yehydrogen emsulwa.
I-calcium hydride iluncedo ngokukodwa iarhente yokumisa isinyibilikisi. Isodium hydride ifuna inkathalo enkulu ekuphatheni, njengoko isabela ngogonyamelo ngamanzi kwaye inokutsha.
Ukuba umlilo wenzeka ngenxa yokutsha kwale hydride, musa ukusebenzisa amanzi ukuwucima, kuba uya iya kuvelisa amadangatye amaninzi. Le mililo icinyiwe kunye izicimi-mlilo zokucima umlilo.
