Izinto zokwakha

Umxholo

• Iipropathi zezinto zokwakha
• Iindidi zezinto zokwakha
• Imizekelo yezinto zokwakha

Inkqubo ye- Izinto zokwakha zezo iimpahla ezingekasilwa okanye, ngesiqhelo, iimveliso ezenziwe eziyimfuneko ekwakheni umsebenzi wokwakha okanye kwimisebenzi yobunjineli. Zizinto zokuqala zento eyakhayo okanye eyakhiweyo yesakhiwo.

Ukusukela kumaxesha akudala, abantu bakwazile ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi babo ngokusebenzisa izinto zendalo, kwaye Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni enze izinto ezintsha ngokubhekisele kwizakhiwo ukuzenza zikhululeke ngakumbi, ukumelana neentlekele kwaye zihlaziyeke ngakumbi ngenkqubela phambili kwezenzululwazi kunye netekhnoloji.. Kule nkqubo, kuye kwafuneka afunde ngezinto zokwakha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo, ukwazi ukukhetha okanye ukwenza ezona zilungele isiganeko ngasinye.

Kule nkqubo, imixube, izinto ezintsha kunye nezinto zokwenziwa, kunye noyilo olukrelekrele lube nendawo eyaziwayo kwimbali yokwakha kunye nobunjineli bezentlalo. Uninzi lwezinto zokwakha zenziwe ngeemveliso zamashishini aphambili, Ngelixa ezinye ziphathwa ngendlela ekrwada okanye zikwimeko ekrwada.

Bona kwakho: Imizekelo yeNdalo kunye nezinto zokwenza izinto

Iipropathi zezinto zokwakha

Kuba ukhetho lobulumko luqinisekisa isiphumo esingcono sokwakha, kukho izinto ezithile ezifanelekileyo zezinto zokwakha ekuqwalaselwa kuzo:

• Ukuxinana. Ubudlelwane phakathi kobunzima kunye nomthamo, oko kukuthi, inani lemicimbi equlathe iyunithi.
• Ubuncinci. Amandla omba wokufunxa amanzi.
• Ukwanda. Utyekelo lwento ukwandisa ubungakanani bayo phambi kobushushu kunye nekhontrakthi phambi kobandayo.
• Ukuqhutywa kobushushu. Amandla ombane wokuhambisa ubushushu.
• Ukuqhutywa kombane. Amandla ombane wokuhambisa umbane.
• Amandla oomatshini. Inani loxinzelelo olunokuthi lukwazi ukumelana ngaphandle kokukhubazeka okanye ukophuka.
• Ukunyaniseka. Ukubanakho kwezixhobo zokubuyisa imilo yabo yoqobo nje ukuba uxinzelelo olubaphelisayo luyeke.
• Iiplastiki. Amandla emeko yokukhubazeka kwaye ungaphuli phambi koxinzelelo oluzinzileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Ubungqongqo. Ukuthambekela komcimbi wokugcina ubume bawo ebusweni bomzamo.
• Uqhekeko. Ukungakwazi komcimbi ukukhubazeka, ukhetha ukuqhekeka.
• Ukuxhathisa ukubola. Amandla okunyamezela umhlwa ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okanye ukwahlukana.

Iindidi zezinto zokwakha

Kukho iintlobo ezine zezinto zokwakha, ngohlobo lwempahla ekrwada ezenziwe ngayo, ezizezi:

• Ilitye. Ezi zizinto ezivela okanye ezenziwe amatye, amatye kunye nomcimbi wokukhathalela, kubandakanya izinto zokubopha (ezixutywe namanzi ukwenza uncamathiselo) kunye neseramikhi kunye neiglasi, ukusuka kudongwe, udaka kunye neesilic ezenziwa kwiinkqubo zokudubula kwiionti kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
• Isinyithi. Ukuza ngesinyithi, ngokucacileyo, nokuba kukwimo yamashiti (isinyithi oluthambileyo) okanye imisonto (isinyithi ductile). Kwiimeko ezininzi, ingxubevange.
• Izinto eziphilayo. Ukuza evela izinto eziphilayoNokuba yeyamahlathi, yintlaka okanye evela kwezinye.
• Yokwenziwa kwezinto. Imveliso yezixhobo zeenkqubo zotshintsho lwekhemikhali, ezinjengezo zifunyenwe ulwelo i-hydrocarbon okanye i-polymerization (Iiplastiki).

Imizekelo yezinto zokwakha

1. Granite. Eyaziwa ngokuba "lilitye le-berroqueña", lilitye elinegneous elenziwe nge-quartz. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza amatye e-paving kunye nokwenza iindonga kunye nemigangatho (ngohlobo lwee-slabs), ukugquma okanye imiphezulu yeetafile, inikwe umtsalane kunye nokugqitywa kwayo okugqityiweyo. Ilitye elingaphakathi, linikwe amandla okuhombisa.
2. Marble. Ngokwee-slabs okanye iithayile, eli litye le-metamorphic elixatyiswe kakhulu ngabakroli beminyaka edlulileyo lihlala linxulunyaniswa nobunewunewu kunye nokuhonjiswa okuthile, nangona namhlanje kusetyenziswa ngaphezulu kwayo nayiphi na into emigangatho, kwizambatho okanye kwiinkcukacha ezithile zokwakha. Kuqheleke kakhulu kulwakhiwo lobuzwe okanye ulwakhiwo lwangaphambili.
3. Isamente. Izinto zokubopha ezibandakanya umxube welitye lekalika kunye nodongwe, zibaliwe, zangumhlaba zaze zaxutywa ne-gypsum, eyona nto iphambili kuyo kukuqina xa idibana namanzi. Ekwakheni isetyenziswa njengezinto eziyimfuneko, kumxube wamanzi, isanti kunye negrabile, ukufumana into efanayo, ethambileyo kunye neplastiki ethi xa yoma iqine kwaye yaziwa njengekhonkrithi.
4. Isitena. Isitena senziwe ngomxube wodongwe, sigxothwe de ukufuma kususwe kwaye kuqiniswe de sifumane isimilo saso soxande kunye nombala weorenji. Zilukhuni kwaye zibukrakra, ezi bhloko zisetyenziswa kakhulu kulwakhiwo, ngenxa yeendleko zoqoqosho kunye nokuthembeka. Ngendlela efanayo iithayile zifunyenwe, zenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo kodwa zibunjiwe ngokwahlukileyo.
5. Iglasi. Imveliso yokuhlanganiswa kwe-sodium carbonate, isanti yesalica kunye nelitye elijikeleze i-1500 ° C, le nto ilukhuni, ibuthathaka kwaye iyabonakala isetyenziswa ngokubanzi luluntu ekwenziweni kwazo zonke iintlobo zezixhobo kunye namashiti, ngakumbi kwicandelo lokwakha. ilungele iifestile: ivumela ukukhanya, kodwa ingangeni moya okanye amanzi.
6. Intsimbi. Isinyithi sine-ductile engaphezulu okanye encinci kunye nesinyithi esibumbekayo, sinikwe uxhathiso olukhulu lokumelana nomhlwa, esifunyanwa kwisinyithi sesinyithi kunye nezinye izinyithi kunye nezinto ezingezizo zesinyithi ezifana nekhabhoni, zinc, itoti kunye nezinye. Sesinye sezinyithi eziphambili ezisetyenzisiweyo kwicandelo lokwakha, kuba izakhiwo zenziwe zaze zagcwaliswa ngesamente, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "konkriti eyomeleleyo".
7. Izinki. Esi sinyithi, sibalulekile kubomi bendalo, sineepropathi ezenze ukuba kulungele ukwenziwa kwezinto ezininzi kunye nophahla kwicandelo lokwakha. Ayisiyo ferromagnetic konke konke, iyakhanya, ibhetyebhetye kwaye ayibizi, nangona inezinye izinto ezingalunganga njengokunganyamezeli kakhulu, ukuqhuba ubushushu kakuhle kunye nokuvelisa ingxolo eninzi xa ichaphazelekile, umzekelo, yimvula.  
8. IAluminiyam. Le yenye yezona zinyithi zininzi kakhulu kuqweqwe lomhlaba, olufana ne-zinc, ilula kakhulu, ayibizi kwaye ayibumbeki. Ayinamandla oomatshini amaninzi, kodwa isakulungile kwizicelo ezinjengokuchwela kwaye, kwiialloys ezinamandla, ekhitshini nakwizinto zokufaka imibhobho yamanzi.
9. Khokela. Kumashumi eminyaka ukukhokelwa bekusetyenziswa njengeyona nto iphambili ekwenziweni kwamacandelo emibhobho yamanzi, kuba iyinto ene-ductile, yokumangalisa kweemolekyuli kunye nokumelana okukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, iyingozi kwimpilo, kwaye amanzi ahamba ngemibhobho ekhokelayo athanda ukungcoliseka ngokuhamba kwexesha, yiyo loo nto ukusetyenziswa kwawo kuyekisiwe kumazwe amaninzi.
10. Ubhedu. ICopper sisibane esilula, esingenakulinganiswa, i-ductile, isinyithi esikhanyayo kunye nomqhubi wombane omangalisayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto sisixhobo esikhethwayo kufakelo lombane okanye elektroniki, nangona ikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto zombhobho. Olu hlobo lokugqibela luhambelana nemilinganiselo engqongqo kunye nemigangatho esemgangathweni, njengoko i-oxide yobhedu (eluhlaza ngombala) iya kuba yingozi.
11. Umthi. Iinkuni ezininzi zisetyenziswa ekwakheni, zombini kwinkqubo yobunjineli kunye nasekugqibeni kokugqibela. Ngapha koko, kumazwe amaninzi kukho isithethe sokwakha izindlu ezenziwe ngomthi, sisebenzisa ubuncwane baso xa kuthelekiswa, ubungangamsha nokuxhathisa, ngaphandle kokuba sesichengeni sokufuma kunye neentubi. Okwangoku uninzi lwemigangatho lwenziwe ngomthi wevarnished (iparquet), uninzi lwengcango kunye nezinye iikhabhathi okanye ifanitshala yolo hlobo.
12. Irabha. Le resin ifunyenwe kumthi wetropiki okwelo gama, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-latex, ibonelela ngezinto ezininzi ezenzelwe umntu, ezinje ngokwenza amavili, ukugquma kunye nokuthintela ukungangeni manzi, kunye neziqwenga zethala lamalungu kunye nentlaka yokukhusela iinkuni okanye ezinye iindawo , kwicandelo lokwakha.
13. Linoleum. Ifunyenwe kwioyile eqinisiweyo edityanisiweyo, exutywe nomgubo weenkuni okanye umgubo wekhokho, le nto isetyenziswa ekwakheni ukwenza izigqumathelo zomgangatho, zihlala zongeza ii-pigment kwaye zibonelela ngobungqingqwa obufanelekileyo ukuthatha ithuba lokuba bhetyebhetye, ukumelana namanzi kunye neendleko zoqoqosho.
14. Uqalo. Lomthi wemvelaphi yaseMpuma, ukhula kwizikhondo eziluhlaza ezinokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-25 ukuphakama kunye neesentimitha ezingama-30 ububanzi, kwaye xa sele zomile kwaye ziphilisiwe zizalisekisa imisebenzi yokuhombisa ethe gqolo kulwakhiwo lwasentshona, kunye nasekwenzeni iisilingi. , iipalisade okanye imigangatho ebubuxoki.
15. Ikhokho. Oko sikubiza ngokuba yi-cork ayikho enye into ngaphandle kwe-cork oak tree, eyenziwe yi-suberin kwi-porous, soft, elastic and light fabric used for billboards, njengezinto zokuzalisa, njengombane (amandla ayo ekhalori alingana namalahle ), nakwicandelo lokwakha, njengokugcwaliswa komgangatho, umqamelo phakathi kweendonga nezixhobo ezikhanyayo (Ixesha elitshixwayo okanye udonga olomileyo) nakwizicelo zokuhombisa.
16. IPolystyrene. Le polymer ifunyenwe kulungelelwaniso lweehydrocarbon ezinamakha (i-styrene), yinto elula kakhulu, eshinyeneyo nengangeni manzi, enegunya elikhulu lokugquma kwaye, ke ngoko, isetyenziswa njengesifudumezi eshushu kwizakhiwo ezikumazwe asebusika anamandla.  
17. Abicah. Le polymer yesilicon engenavumba kwaye engenambala isetyenziswe ngokugqibeleleyo njengesixhobo sokutywina nokungangeni manzi kulwakhiwo nakwimibhobho yamanzi, kodwa nanjengoko kugqitywa kufakwa izinto zokwambathisa kufakelo lombane. Ezi ntlobo zezinto zadityaniswa okokuqala kwi-1938 kwaye ukusukela ngoko beziluncedo kumacandelo amaninzi abantu.
18. Itela. Le slimy, incangathi, into enemibala yelothe, ekwabizwa ngokuba yibhitumene, isetyenziswa njengesithinteli sokungena emanzini eluphahleni nakwiindonga zezakhiwo ezininzi kwaye, ixutywe negrabile okanye isanti, ukwenza iindlela. Kwiimeko zokugqibela, isebenza njengezinto zokubopha kwaye ifunyenwe kwioyile.
19. Iiacrylics Igama layo lenzululwazi yi-polymethylmethacrylate kwaye yenye yeeplastikhi eziphambili zobunjineli. Yoyisa ezinye iiplastikhi ngamandla ayo, ukungafihli nto kunye nokumelana ekuqaleni, ukuyenza ibe yinto elungileyo yokutshintsha iglasi okanye yezicelo zokuhombisa.
20. Neoprene. Olu hlobo lwerabha eyenziweyo lusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokugcwalisa iiphaneli zesandwich nanjengegasket (indibaniselwano engangeni manzi okanye igasket) ukunqanda ukuvuza kolwelo kwindibano yamacandelo emibhobho yamanzi, kunye nokutywinwa kwemathiriyeli kwiifestile nakwezinye iindawo ezivulekileyo zokwakha.

Ingakukhonza:

• Imizekelo yeeRigid kunye neeFlexible Materials
• Imizekelo yeeBrittle Materials
• Imizekelo yezixhobo zeDuctile
• Imizekelo yezixhobo zokuqhuba
• Imizekelo yezixhobo ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye Ayiphinde isebenze