Umxholo
- Iimpawu zepseudosciences
- I-Pseudoscience vs. inzululwazi
- Iithiyori zelenqe
- Imizekelo yeepseudosciences
- Iimbono zePseudoscientific
Inkqubo ye- zenzululwazi Zizo ezo zenzo okanye ithiyori ethiwe thaca njengenzululwazi kodwa engaphenduli kwindlela efanelekileyo yophando okanye engenakuqinisekiswa yindlela yesayensi. Njengokuba: ukulungiswa kwamayeza, ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi, ukubhula ngamanani, ukutya okune-alkaline.
Ngelixa inzululwazi ingenakuze ibe yinyaniso (ayinakuphikiswa), i-pseudosciences zisebenzisa idatha yesayensi ukukhusela ii-postulates ezingenabo ubungqina bokulinga. Zihlala ziqinisekiswa luluntu, nangona amaxesha amaninzi zingenaziseko kunye nengqondo.
Igama elithi pseudoscience liphethe ityala elibi, njengoko licebisa ukuba into iboniswe njengesayensi xa ingekho. Njengokuba: kwinqanaba lezamayeza, xa iziphumo ezithile okanye izibonelelo zinxulunyaniswa neendlela ezithile ngaphandle kokuvunywa ngokwasemandleni.
Kukho imizekelo emininzi yoqeqesho, iindlela, kunye nethiyori ethathwa njengeyinyani. Bahlakulela abalandeli kwihlabathi liphela.
- Inokukunceda: Iinzululwazi ezisesikweni
Iimpawu zepseudosciences
- Zichaza iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bomntu kwaye zisekwe kwizenzo, amava kunye neenkolelo.
- Abanye bafuna ukuphendula kwiimeko okanye ukugula komzimba okanye kwengqondo yomntu, abanye bazama ukuchaza iziganeko zendalo.
- Indlela yesayensi ayinakusetyenziswa kubo. Ulwazi alufunyanwa ngokudibanisa i-hypothesis kwaye into eyifundwayo ayinakho ukuba phantsi kohlalutyo lwenzululwazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe.
- Bajwayele ukubhenela kubungqina obukhethiweyo.
- Baxhomekeke kwimibandela engaphaya kwendalo okanye ebonakalayo ukuxhasa iingcamango zabo.
- Ezinye zisekwe kwimikhwa esempilweni okanye kumasiko anokuba nethemba ngeendlela ezithile nakubantu abathile.
- Akufanele zibhidaniswe nesayensi kwaye kuyafuneka ukuba ube nolwazi kuzo zonke iimeko ukuze wazi iziphumo kunye neziphumo zalo.
- Banokubangela ingozi njengokulahla unyango.
I-Pseudoscience vs. inzululwazi
Abagxeki be-pseudosciences baphikisa ngelithi kwenziwa ilinge ngenjongo yokubeka i-pseudosciences kunye nesayensi eqinisekisiweyo ngokulinganayo. Ngokungafaniyo nesayensi, kwizifundo ze-pseudoscience into efanayo yokufunda inokuphendula ngokwahlukileyo.
Iyeza yinzululwazi etshintsha-tshintsha i-pseudosciences, kuba kukho iindlela zonyango ezizezinye ezinyangwa zizifo kunye nezifo. Uninzi lonyango lunemida eyahlukeneyo kunye neziseko kunye nomtsalane kwimeko yeemvakalelo zabantu abazisebenzisayo. Njengokuba: unyango lomhlaza.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, oorhulumente, iiyunivesithi kunye neengcali zesayensi zisasaza ulwazi kunye nemikhankaso yokwazisa phakathi kwabemi ngumahluko phakathi kwesayensi kunye neepseudosciences ukuze abantu bazi kwaye bathathe isigqibo.
- Inokukunceda: IiNzululwazi zoBugcisa
Iithiyori zelenqe
Ithiyori zobuqhetseba zezinye iingcinga ezizezinye ezisemthethweni ezithi oorhulumente kunye namaqela amandla balahlekisa abemi malunga neminye imiba. Njengokuba: ukufika komntu enyangeni, iziphumo zokusetyenziswa kwezitofu zokufihla okanye ukufihla unyango lomhlaza.
Ezi ngcamango ze-pseudoscientific zifumaneka kwiinkalo zonyango kunye nesayensi, kwaye zamkelwe ngokubanzi. Ezinye iingcamango ngeplanethi yoMhlaba zezi:
- Umbutho woMhlaba oMcaba. Ithi uMhlaba uthe tyaba kwaye ubunjwe njengediski.
- Ufology. Uphanda ii-UFOs kwaye ugcina ukuba amaqela ahlukeneyo acinezela ubungqina obucingelwayo bokubonakala kwabo.
- Ukukholelwa kumhlaba ongenanto. Iqinisekisa ukuba ngaphakathi kwiplanethi yoMhlaba kukho impucuko engaphantsi komhlaba.
- Unxantathu waseBermuda. Iqinisekisa ubukho bommandla kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantic apho kusenzeka khona ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye engaqondakaliyo.
Imizekelo yeepseudosciences
- Ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi. Isifundo sobudlelwane phakathi kwesikhundla seeplanethi, iinkwenkwezi, iisathelayithi kunye nobuntu babantu.
- ICerealology. Ukufundwa kwesangqa esivela kwimingxunya emikhulu kwaye enombono ogqibeleleyo nolungelelwaniso.
- I-Cryptozoology. Ufundisiso lwezilwanyana ezibizwa ngokuba zii-cryptics, ezinjengeLoch Ness Monster okanye ichupacabra.
- Amanani. Ukufunda okufihliweyo kwamanani ukumisela iimpawu zabantu.
- IParapsychology Isifundo sezinto ezongezelelekileyo phakathi kwabantu abaphilayo, ezinje nge-telepathy, clairvoyance, telekinesis.
- Uvavanyo lwengqondo. Isifundo esixhasa ukubaluleka kweenkqubo ezicinezelweyo zingazi kwaye zifakwe kwimeko yokungakhathali okanye yokungazi.
- Dowsing. Ukufundwa kwento abantu abathile abanokuyibona iirhafu zombane.
- Imizobo. Ukufundwa kobuntu besifundo ngokujonga ukubhala kwakhe.
- Iridology. Indlela egcina ukuba zonke iingxaki zomzimba zinokuchongwa ngokujonga utshintsho kumbala we-iris yamehlo.
- I-Homeopathy. Indlela exhasa unyango lwezifo ezithile ngokusetyenziswa komlomo ngeedosi ezincinci zamalungiselelo obugcisa.
- UFeng shui Indlela yokulungelelanisa esekwe kwizinto ezine (amanzi, umhlaba, umlilo, umoya) ngokunxulumene nokuhambelana kwekhaya elithile okanye indawo yokujikeleza kwamandla ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ukufundwa kwesandla. Indlela yokuvumisa esekwe kufundo lwemigca yezandla.
- Biomagnetism. Indlela yokuphilisa izifo ngokusebenzisa oomazibuthe.
- Amayeza amatsha aseJamani. Iseti yeendlela ezithembisa ukunyanga kwezifo ezininzi.
Iimbono zePseudoscientific
- Umzimba wengqondo. Ithiyori echaza ukuba ukusuka kwi-physiognomy yomntu kunokwenzeka ukuba azi ubuntu bakhe.
- Phrenology. Ithiyori echaza ukuba uphawu oluthile okanye amandla engqondo akummandla othile wobuchopho.
- Ithiyori yeCosmic. Ithiyori echaza ukuba umkhenkce sisiseko sayo yonke into kwindalo iphela.
- Inyanga yesibini. Ithiyori eqinisekisa ubukho benyanga yesibini ebekwe malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-3,570 kude noMhlaba.
- Indalo. Ithiyori egcina ukuba indalo yonke yadalwa nguThixo.
- Ubuntu. Ithiyori ethi iimpawu zobuso bomntu zinokuba sisalathiso sohlobo lomntu abanalo.
- Landela: Uhlaziyo lwezeNzululwazi
