20 Imizekelo yeeTyuwa zeasidi - I-Encyclopedia

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Ukuchazwa kwegama leetyiwa zeasidi
Imizekelo yeetyiwa zeasidi

Kwi i-inorganic chemistry, Kukho intetho ye Ityuwa xa sithetha iikhompawundi ezifumaneka xa iasidi ineeathom zayo zehydrogen zithathelwa indawo ziiradicals ezisisiseko, kwimeko ethile iityuwa zeasidi, zezohlobo olubi (cations). Ngokwahlula phakathi Iityiwa ezingathathi hlangothi okanye iityuwa ezibini.

Iityiwa zihlala zenziwa ngokuphendula phakathi kweasidi kunye nehydroxide (isiseko). Kwezi mpendulo, ngesiqhelo isiseko siphulukana namaqela ehydroxyl (-OH) kunye neasidi yeatom hydrogen (H), isenza ityuwa engathathi hlangothi; kodwa ukuba i-asidi ekuthethwa ngayo igcina enye yeeathom zayo ze-hydrogen, ukutshintsha ukuhlawulwa kombane kwempendulo, siya kufumana ityuwa eneasidi okanye ityuwa enehydrogenated.

Umzekelo, i-lithium bicarbonate ifumaneka kwi-lithium hydroxide kunye ne-carbonic acid:

U-LiOH + H₂CO₃ = Li (HCO)₃+ H₂OKANYE

Impendulo, njengoko kuya kubonakala, iphosa amanzi njengemveliso.

Ukuchazwa kwegama leetyiwa zeasidi

Ngokwesichazi-magama esisebenzayo, kwiityuwa zeasidi indlela yesiko yokubiza iityuwa ezingathathi hlangothi kufuneka isetyenziswe kwizimamva -e okanye -ite, kodwa yandulelwa sisimaphambili esibonisa inani leeathom ze-hydrogen ezifakwe endaweni yazo kwi yemolekyuli. Ke, umzekelo, i-lithium bicarbonate (LiHCO₃iya kuba neeathom ezimbini ze-hydrogen (bi = ezimbini).

Kwelinye icala, ngokwegama lesicwangcisi, igama hydrogen kwigama eliqhelekileyo leetyuwa efunyenweyo, ukuhlonipha isimaphambili esibhekisa kwiiathom zehydrogen. Ke, i-lithium hydrogen carbonate okanye i-lithium hydrogen carbonate iya kuba ziindlela zokubiza i-lithium bicarbonate efanayo (LiHCO₃).

Imizekelo yeetyiwa zeasidi

Isodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃). Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-sodium hydrogen carbonate (IV), iyikristale emhlophe eqinileyo, enyibilikayo emanzini, enokufumaneka kwindalo kwimeko yezimbiwa okanye inokuveliswa elebhu. Yenye yeetyiwa ezineasidi ezininzi ezaziwayo kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizithambisi, ukwenza amayeza okanye ukwenza iyogathi.
ILithium bicarbonate (LiHCO₃). Le tyuwa yeasidi isetyenzisiwe njengearhente yokufaka i-CO₂ Kwiimeko apho irhasi engathandekiyo, njengaseMntla Merika "iApollo" isithuba semishini.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄). I-crystalline eqinile, engenasiphelo, enyibilikayo emanzini, ngokubanzi isetyenziswe kumashishini ahlukeneyo afana negwele lokutya, iarhente yokukhohlisa, ukuqiniswa kwesondlo kunye nomncedisi kwiinkqubo zokuvumba.
Isodiyam bisulfate (NaHSO₄). I-asidi yetyuwa eyenziwe kukungabikho kwe-asidi ye-sulfuric acid, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimizi-mveliso yokunyibilikisa isinyithi, iimveliso zokucoca kwaye nangona iyityhefu kakhulu kwezinye i-echinoderms, isetyenziswa njengesongezo ekutyeni kwezilwanyana nakwivenkile yobucwebe.
Isodiyam hydrogen sulfide (NaHS). Ikhompawundi eyingozi yokuphathwa buthathaka, kuba ibonakalisa kakhulu kwaye inetyhefu. Ingabangela ukutsha kwesikhumba kunye nokonakala kwamehlo, njengoko kuyatsha.
ICalcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO₄). Isetyenziswa njengesongezo ekutyeni okutya okuziinkozo kunye nokutya kwemfuyo, yinto engenakunyibilika emanzini kodwa inako ukudibanisa xa ifakwa amanzi ngokutya iimolekyuli ezimbini zamanzi.
Ammonium hydrogen carbonate ([NH₄] HCO₃). Yaziwa ngokuba yi-ammonium bicarbonate kwaye isetyenziswa kwishishini lokutya njengemvubelo yemichiza, nangona inengxaki yokungabambi i-ammonia, inika ukutya incasa embi ukuba isetyenziswe kakhulu. Isetyenziselwa nezitshizi zokucima umlilo, ukwenza i-pigment, kunye ne-rubber expander.
IBicarbonate yeBarium (Ba [HCO₃]₂). Ityuwa ene-asidi enokuthi xa ishushu isenokuguqula ukuvela kwemveliso kwaye ayizinzanga kakhulu ngaphandle kwesisombululo. Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumzi-mveliso weceramic.
Isodiyam bisulfite (NaHSO₃). Le tyuwa ayizinzanga ngokugqithisileyo kwaye xa kukho ioksijini ivela kwisodium sulfate, yiyo loo nto isetyenziselwa ishishini lokutya njengendawo yokugcina ukutya kunye ne-desiccant. Yeyona arhente yokunciphisa kakhulu kwaye isetyenziswa ngumntu, ikwasetyenziselwa ukulungisa imibala.
I-calcium citrate (Ca₃[C₆H₅OKANYE₇]₂). Yaziwa njengetyuwa ekrakra, isetyenziswa njengendawo yokugcina ukutya nanjengokongezwa kwezondlo xa inxulunyaniswa ne-amino acid lysine. Yimpuphu emhlophe, engenavumba, nekhristallini.
Imonoksiyam phosphate(Umz₂PO₄]₂). Imibala eqinileyo engenambala efumaneka ekuphenduleni i-calcium hydroxide kunye ne-phosphoric acid, Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengegwele okanye njengesichumisi emsebenzini wezolimo.
IDicalcium phosphate (CaHPO₄). Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-calcium monohydrogen phosphate, ineefom ezintathu zeekristallini ezahlukeneyo Zisetyenziswa njengesongezo ekutyeni kwaye zikhona kwizithambisi zamazinyo. Ukongeza, yenziwe ngokwendalo kumatye ezintso nakwinto ebizwa ngokuba "lilitye" lamazinyo.
Monomagnesium phosphate (MgH₄Iphe₂OKANYE₈). Isetyenziswe njenge-acidulant, i-acidity corrector okanye i-arhente kunyango lwe-flours, yityuwa emhlophe, engenakristali emhlophe, enokunyibilika emanzini kwaye isetyenziswe ekugcineni ukutya.
Isodium diacetate (NaH [C₂H₃OKANYE₂]₂). Le tyuwa isetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokunambitha kunye neyokugcina ukutya xa kutyiwa, kuthintelwa okanye kulibaziseke ukubonakala kwefungus kunye ne-microbacteria, zombini kwimveliso epakishwe nge-vacuum efana neemveliso zenyama kunye nomzi mveliso womgubo.
ICalcium bicarbonate (Ca [HCO₃]₂). Ityuwa ene-hydrogenated evela kwi-calcium carbonate, ekhoyo kwizimbiwa ezinje nge-limestone, marble kunye nezinye. Le mpendulo ichaza ubukho bamanzi kunye ne-CO₂, ke iyenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo emiqolombeni nasemiqolombeni etyebileyo kwi-calcium.
Irubidium acid fluoride (RbHF). Le tyuwa ifunyanwa kwimpendulo ye-hydrofluoric acid (i-hydrogen kunye ne-fluorine X) kunye ne-Rubidium, isinyithi sealkali. Isiphumo sisixhobo esinetyhefu nesonakalisayo ekufuneka siphathwe ngononophelo..
IMonoammonium phosphate ([NH₄] H₂PO₄). Ityuwa enyibilikayo yamanzi eveliswa kukusabela kwe-ammonia kunye ne-phosphoric acid, ngokubanzi isetyenziswa njengesichumiso kuba inika umhlaba initrogen kunye nephosphorus izakhamzimba eziyimfuneko ekukhuleni kwezityalo. Ikwayinxalenye ye-ABC powder kwizicimi-mlilo.
I-Zinc hydrogen orthoborate(Zn [HBO₃]). Ityuwa isetyenziswe njenge-antiseptic kwaye njengesongezo kwimveliso yeeseramiki.
Imonosodium phosphate (NaH₂PO₄). Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiilebhu, ezinje nge “isikhuseli”Okanye isisombululo sesithintelo, esithintela utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwi-pH yesisombululo.
I-Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP). Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-potassium acid phthalate, yityuwa eqinileyo nezinzileyo emoyeni oqhelekileyo, ke ihlala isetyenziswa njengomgangatho ophambili kwimilinganiselo ye pH. Kukwaluncedo njengearhente yokugcwala kwi iimpendulo zamachiza.