Umxholo
Ngaphantsi kwegama lika Izilwanyana uqokelelwe ku ingqokelela enkulu kakhulu yeearachnids ezincinci (ziimilimitha nje ezimbalwa ubude), eziphakathi kwezona zidalwa zomhlaba zaziwayo, kuba kukho iifosili phantse iminyaka engama-400 ezigidi ubudala.
Zisasazwe kwindawo zombini nasemanzini, kunye nasezidolophini nakwimeko yasekhaya, ikakhulu zizilwanyana ezizizirhorho kunye neeparasites, nangona kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezondla izityalo kunye nenkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo (ezokopha).Zihlala zingunobangela wezifo kunye nolonwabo ebantwini nakwezinye izilwanyana.
Ngelixa kukho malunga ne-50,000 yeentlobo zamangolwane ezichaziweyo, kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho phakathi kwe-100,000 kunye ne-500,000.
Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo yeParasitism
Iimpawu zamangolwane
Izilwanyana zihlelwa ngaphakathi kwiklasi yee-arachnidsKe ngoko, yabelana ngeempawu zokuziphatha kunye nezilwanyana ezinje ngesigcawu kunye noonomadudwane: umzimba ohlukaniswe kancinci okanye ongaphantsi ogqunywe nge-chitin exoskeleton, izibini ezine zemilenze edibeneyo kunye ne-chelicerae (pincers) ekhonza ukondla. Umahluko kwizidleleli, ezi zihlomelo zilungiselelwe ukutyumza ulusu kunye nokufunxa igazi okanye ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo.
Iindawo ezihlala kuzo izilwanyana, njengoko besetshilo, zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kuba zikwazi ukuzifumana nakwezimitha ezingama-5000 ubunzulu elwandle; Nangona kunjalo, Kuqhelekile ukubafumana emakhayeni ethu, bahlaliswe kwiikhaphethi, izilwanyana ezifakiwe, iingubo kunye neebhedi, kuba zitya iziqwenga zesikhumba esifileyo esishiywa yimizimba yethu.
Zixhaphakile nasebuhlanti okanye kwiintsiba zezilwanyana ezininzi kunye nezinambuzane.. Ezinye izinto zinokuba zizitshabalalisi kwezolimo okanye zikhokelele kwizifo ezihanjiswa yimikhwa, ezinjengekhwekhwe (Psoriasis).
Iintlobo zamangolwane
Ngokokutya kwabo, sinako ukwahlula phakathi kweendlela ezine ze-mite:
- IiParasites. Bondla ulusu okanye igazi lezilwanyana, kubandakanya abantu, kubangela ukonakala kunye nezifo zolusu.
- Izilwanyana. Bayondla iintsholongwane, iiarthropods ezincinci okanye ezinye iiarachnids ezincinci.
- Ii-Detritophages. Bayondla inkunkuma yendalo ishiywe zizityalo nezinye izilwanyana, ezinjengezikali, iziqwenga zesikhumba, iinwele, njl.
- I-Phytophages kunye ne-mycophagi. Batya izityalo, imifuno kunye nefungi.
Mite uxabana
Uninzi lwezibungu zihlala zingenabungozi. Nangona kunjalo, ilindle lakho kunye nemizimba yamangolwane afileyo zezinye zezinto eziphambili ezibangela ukungabikho komzimba kunye nesifuba ebantwini. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokungabikho komzimba kubandakanya ukuthimla, ukuxinana, ukuphuma kwempumlo, ukukhohlela, amehlo anamanzi kunye / okanye ukuba bomvu kwesikhumba.
Umoya olungileyo wamagumbi uqhele ukucetyiswa, ukuthintela ukufumba kokufuma, kunye nokucoca rhoqo ngamanzi ashushu (ngaphezulu kwe-60 ° C) yeekhaphethi, oonodoli abadumileyo kunye neebhedi, kunye nokuvezwa koomatrasi kunye nemiqamelo ngamaxesha ilanga.
Imizekelo yamangolwane
- Uthuli. Isingqala "esiqhelekileyo", ngesiqhelo esingenabungozi, nangona sinokunxulunyaniswa nokwaliwa sisifo sokuphefumla nolusu. Kuyenzeka ukuba uyifumane naphina emakhayeni ethu, kwiisofa nakwiikhushi, kwiikhaphethi, apho batya khona inkunkuma yendalo nangaluphi na uhlobo. Ziyinxalenye yendalo yasekhaya.
- Ikhwekhwe. Unobangela we ukhwekhwe, Sisifo esihlasela umntu nezinye izilwanyana ezincancisayo, sibangela imihlathi kunye nezilonda eluswini. Kungenxa yokuba ezi ntwala zimba iitonela ngaphakathi kwezingxobo zangaphandle, apho zondla zize zibeke amaqanda, zithintele amanxeba ekuphiliseni kakuhle. Esi sifo sinokudluliselwa sisuka komnye umntu siphila siye komnye ngonxibelelwano olulula lwezikhumba zazo, kodwa sidla ngokufuna iimeko zempilo ezigwenxa ukuze sichume.
- Amakhalane. Amakhalane awaziwayo, atshabalalisa iintlobo ezahlukileyo zezilwanyana (iinkomo, izinja, iikati) kwaye angatya nakubantu, eneneni ziluhlobo lwenambuzane enkulu. Ayizizo izilwanyana ezicaphukisayo kuphela, kodwa ikwanazo neziphethe izifo ezibulalayo, ezinje nge typhus, isifo seLyme okanye iintlobo ezithile zokukhubazeka kwemithambo-luvo ngokuluma nje kwazo.
- Intwala yeentaka. Ezi ntsholongwane ukufunxa igazi (zondla ngegazi) zonakalisa iintaka, ngakumbi iinkuku, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinokuphindaphindeka ziye kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba izilwanyana ezondla igazi lazo zinegazi. Kuqhelekile ukubafumana kwiinkukhu, ii-turkeys kunye nezilwanyana ezikhuliswa ngamanani amakhulu, kuba kwezo meko zinokudlula ukusuka kwesinye isilwanyana ziye kwesinye kwaye sigcine usulelo luphila.
- Izilwanyana ezibomvu. Igama lezesayensi IPanonychus ulmi, le mite iphytophagous yinto eqhelekileyo yemithi yeziqhamo kwaye ithathwa njengeyona nto ixhaphakileyo ehlotyeni. Bahlala befukama ngohlobo lweqanda kwaye bavele entwasahlobo emazantsi amagqabi, athanda ukoma aze awe ngenxa yoko.
- Isigcawu esibomvu. Ngamanye amaxesha udidekile ne-mite ebomvu, i UTetranychus urticae ikwayisisitshabalalisi esiqhelekileyo semithi yeziqhamo, ekhoyo ngaphezulu kwe-150 yeentlobo zezityalo ezibaluleke kwezolimo. Ihlala ibekwe emazantsi amagqabi, apho ithi iluke uhlobo lwekhonkco (kungoko igama layo).
- Itshizi mite. Le mite ihlala ihlasela itshizi esele igcinwe ixesha elide: ubukho bayo buphawulwa njengonxweme olunombala ongwevu kunye ne-mealy, apho kufumaneka khona iintwala, amaqanda kunye nelindle. Ukudibana nezi ntlungu kunokubangela i-dermatitis emntwini.
- Indawo yokugcina izinto okanye i-weevil. Olunye uhlobo lwendlu, oluhlala luvela kwiikhabhathi, apho lutya umgubo, ipasta kunye nezinye iintlobo zemifuno ukuze zisetyenziswe ekuphekeni, okanye iifom zokungunda ezivela kuzo. Ezinye izinto ezinje nge IGlycyphagus yasekhaya okanye ISuidasia medanensis Bayakwazi ukuvelisa i-aleji ebantwini.
- Ikhreyiti Le mite, ichaphazela izityalo ezimalunga nama-30 eentlobo zezityalo ezityiwayo, ukusukela kumdiliya ukuya kwipistachio, yaziwa ngokuba ngukhwekhwe kwimimandla yezolimo yaseSpain. Emagqabini, ayaziwa ngamachaphaza amnyama (necrotic) awashiya emithanjeni, kodwa anokuchaphazela nayiphi na indawo eluhlaza yesityalo.
- Umhlaba mite. Ezi zilwanyana ziphakathi kwezona zininzi zikhoyo, zichithakele kumgangatho wehlathi, amathafa okanye nayiphi na indalo ebabonelela ngezinto ezininzi eziphilayo zokuthotywa. Zilele ngqondo, ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomjikelo wokuhanjiswa kwemicimbi kwaye zenza elona khonkco lisezantsi kwikhonkco lokutya.
