Umxholo
Iintlobo ze-dialect (okanye iilwimi) zizaci ezithile okanye izaci ezichonga amaqela ahlukeneyo olwimi, ngaphandle kokubuza ubunye bolwimi lwabo. Njengokuba: Plate yoMlambo, kuMbindi Merika, eRiojan.
Phantse zonke iilwimi zithiwe thaca njengendibaniselwano yeendidi ngeendidi zeziyelelane, ezinxulunyaniswe nokwahluka ngokwendawo nenkcubeko yabantu abasebenzisa ezi lwimi. Iidizlects ke, zezo ntlobo zommandla okanye iindlela apho ulwimi lwenziwa khona.
Banokuba baninzi, ngakumbi kwiilwimi ezinje ngeSpanish, esithethwa kwiindawo ezinkulu ezikude kakhulu zehlabathi. Kolu lwimi, ayisiyiyo kuphela umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kweSpanish yaseMelika kunye neSpain, kodwa kukwafunyanwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeSpeyin ngaphakathi naseMelika.
Into efanayo iyenzeka ngolwimi lwesiMandarin Chinese (ihlala ibizwa ngokuba 'sisiTshayina' kwaye ithethwa ngabantu abangaphantsi kwezigidi ezingama-836), ezibandakanya isiMandarin esiqhelekileyo (esithethwa eBeijing) kunye nezinye iilwimi ezithethwa kwezinye iingingqi, ezinjengeYángzhōu, Xī'ān, iChéngdū kunye neLíngbǎo.
Abanye oonobangela bokuzalwa ngolwimi olwahlukileyo ziimpembelelo abantu abanokuba nazo kwinxalenye yommandla weelwimi kunye nokwahlulwa komhlaba okuhlala kubangela ukwahluka okwahlukileyo.
Iingcali kwijografi yeelwimi ngabo abahlalutya ezi nkqubo. Ayithathwa njengomsebenzi olula ukumisela imida yezi ndidi, kuba iziganeko zeelwimi ezichaza ubume bolwimi ngalunye zinolwandiso olwahlukileyo kwaye, zihlala zingahlukanga kakhulu kwezinye ezivela kwimvelaphi efanayo.
Ezinye iintlobo zolwimi zezi:
- Ulwahlulo (okanye ulwimi lwentlalo). Inxulumene namacandelo entlalo okanye amanqanaba olwazi lolwimi (iintlobo ngeentlobo zolwimi, inkcubeko, nolwimi olungahlambulukanga), ethi yona inxulunyaniswe nemeko yenkcubeko yesithethi.
- Ukuthintela (okanye iyasebenza). Hlahlela ukusetyenziswa kolwimi kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ezingqonge isenzo sonxibelelwano.
Ingakukhonza:
- Isichazi-magama sommandla kunye nesichazi-magama esivelisayo
- Indawo (evela kumazwe ahlukeneyo)
Imizekelo yeentlobo zeelwimi
Imizekelo yokuqala esibhozo engezantsi ihambelana nemimandla eyahlukeneyo ye- Peninsula yaseIberia, Ezintlanu ezilandelayo ziindidi ze Spanish ithethwe eMelika; ezisixhenxe zokugqibela zizincoko ze IsiTaliyani Ithethwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo e-Itali:
- Navarrese
- Riojano
- Ukugqithisa
- UMurciano
- Andalusi
- ICanary
- IManchego
- IsiAragonese
- I-Rioplatense
- ICaribbean
- Mbindi Merika
- UAndean
- NgesiAmazon
- Piedmontese
- Friulan
- Tuscan
- YaseRomanesco
- Umbro
- ICalabrian
- Campano
- Bona eminye imizekelo kwi: Imizekelo yeziyelelane
