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Umxholo

Imizekelo yemolekyuli
Iindidi zemolekyuli
Unokukukhonza

Ithiyiwe yemolekyuli kumanyano lwababini okanye nangaphezulu iiathom ngokusebenzisa iibhondi zamachiza (ezifanayo okanye ezahlukeneyo izinto), kusenziwa iseti ezinzileyo. Umzekelo: imolekyuli yamanzi nguH₂0.

Iimolekyuli zenza elona candelo lincinci lika a into yemichiza ngaphandle kokuphulukana neepropiki ze-physico-chemical okanye zichaze, kwaye zihlala zingathathi cala ngombane (ngaphandle kwe ion, Eziziimolekyuli ezinentlawulo elungileyo okanye engalunganga).

Ubudlelwane obusekwe phakathi kweemolekyuli zezinto zibonisa imeko yayo yomzimba: ukusondelelana kakhulu, kuya kuba ngu yomelele; ngokuhamba, iya kuba ulwelo; Kwaye ukusasazwa ngokubanzi ngaphandle kokuzahlula ngokupheleleyo, iya kuba ngu irhasi.

Bona kwakho: Imizekelo yeeAtom

Imizekelo yemolekyuli

Amanzi: H₂0	ISucrose: C₁₂H₂₂OKANYE₁₁
IHydrogen: H₂	Ngokubanzi: C₃H₈OKANYE
Ioksijini: O₂	Uqikelelo: C₃H₆OKANYE
Imethane: CH₄	IPara-aminobenzoic acid: C₇H₇HAYI₂
Ikhlorini: Cl₂	IFluorine: F₂
I-Hydrochloric acid: HCl	Butane: C₄H₁₀
Ikharbhon diokside: CO₂	Iasithilini: C.₃H₆OKANYE
Ikharbon monoksayidi: CO	Acetylsalicylic acid: C₉H₈OKANYE₄
Lithium hayidroksayidi: LiOH	I-asidi ye-Ethanoic: C₂H₄OKANYE₂
Bromine: Br₂	Iselulosi: C₆H₁₀OKANYE₅
Iodine: Mna₂	UDextrose: C₆H₁₂OKANYE₆
Ammonium: NH₄	ITrinitrotoluene: C₇H₅U-N₃OKANYE₆
Isalfure acid: H₂SW₄	URibose: C₅H₁₀OKANYE₅
Ipropane: C₃H₈	Methanal: CH₂OKANYE
Isodiyam hayidroksayidi: NaOH	I-nitrate yesilivere: AgNO₃
Isodium chloride: NaCl	Isodium cyanide: NaCN
Isalfure dioksay: SO₂	Iasidi yeHydrobromic: HBr
I-calcium sulfate: CaSO₄	IGalactose: C₆H₁₂OKANYE₆
I-Ethanol: UC₂H₅Owu	Initrous acid: HNO₂
Iphosphoric acid: H₃PO₄	Silica: Hayi₂
Ngokupheleleyo: C₆₀	Isodium thiopentate: C₁₁H₁₇U-N₂OKANYE₂SNa
Iswekile: UC₆H₁₂OKANYE₆	I-Barbituric acid: C₄H₄U-N₂OKANYE₃
Isodiyam acid esulphate: NaHSO₄	I-Urea: CO (NH₂)₂
IBoron trifluoride: BF₃	Ammonium Chloride: NH₂Cl
IKhloroform: CHCl₃	IAmmonia: NH₃

Iindidi zemolekyuli

Iimolekyuli zinokwahlulwa ngokwee-atomiki zazo, ezizezi:

Ingqondi. Yenziwe ngenani elichaziweyo nelichaziweyo leeathom, nokuba zezinto ezahlukeneyo okanye zinohlobo olunye. Kwelinye icala, ezohlulwa ngokwenani leeathom ezahlukeneyo ezidityaniswe kubume bayo, kwi:

I-Monoatomic (1 uhlobo olunye lweathom),
I-Diatomic (iintlobo ezimbini),
I-Trichotomous (iintlobo ezintathu),
Tetralogical (iindidi ezine) njalo njalo.

Macromolecules okanye iipolymers. IiMacromolecule ziziintambo ezinkulu zeemolekyuli ezenziwe ngamacandelo alula ahlanganiswe kunye ukwenza ezintsokothileyo.

Imodeli yesiko yokwazisa yemolekyuli ibonakalisiwe ngokunxulumene nomxholo weatom wangoku, kusetyenziswa iisimboli zetheyibhile yamaxesha ukumela izinto ezichaphazelekayo kunye nesibhaliso esibonisa ubudlelwane babo bamanani ngaphakathi kwemolekyuli.

Nangona kunjalo, kuba iimolekyuli zizinto ezinamacala amathathu, imodeli ebonakalayo ebonisa ukwakheka hayi ubungakanani bezinto zayo ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuqonda okupheleleyo.