Umxholo
Inkqubo ye- ukuzincama Isimo sengqondo sabantu apho abantu basebenzela abanye oontanga ngaphandle kokulindela ukufumana into njengembuyekezo. Kuyaqondakala, ke, ukuba nokuzincama kulandela kuphela ukusuka kwifayile ye- ukuthanda ummelwane oko kukhokelela ekubeni umntu azincame ukuze kungenelwe omnye. Ngamaxesha amaninzi, ukuzincama kuyaqondwa njengokuchasana nokuzingca.
Kukho ababhali ababalulekileyo abanjengoJean Jacques Rousseau abacinga ukuba umntu, kwimeko yakhe yendalo, ngumntu umntu ozinikelayo. Abanye, kwelinye icala, abanjengoThomas Hobbes okanye uJohn Stuart Mill, kwizifundo zabo bathatha umntu njengomntu isilwanyana esizithandayo. Izifundo zamva nje, ezinxulunyaniswa ngakumbi nebhayoloji kunefilosofi, zingqina ukuba ukuthanda abantu kuyavela kumadoda kwiinyanga ezili-18 zobomi.
Ukuzincama kwinkolo
Indawo enye apho umbuzo wokuzincama uhlala uhlala ukhona inkolo, ngakumbi kwiinkolo ezisaphilayo namhlanje UbuKristu, ubuYuda, ubuSilamsi, ubuBuddha kunye nobuHindu. Bonke basebenzisa ubudlelwane phakathi komntu noThixo wabo njengenjongo yokwenza izinto ngokuzithandela, oko kukuthi, ukulungiselela abo bakudinga kakhulu.
Inani elikhulu lokuzincama elenziwa ngabalinganiswa bamabali enkolo bexhasa abantu babo, zihlala zibhekisa kwisimo sengqondo sabathembekileyo. Kuyathakazelisa ukubonisa, okwangoku, ukuba ngaphandle kokuzinikela kweenkolo ezahlukeneyo, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, iimfazwe ezininzi kunye neengxabano zazikho kwaye ziyaqhubeka zisenza njalo egameni likaThixo.
Uqoqosho olunamandla
Omnye ummandla apho ukuzincama kubonakala kuqoqosho, kodwa ikwenza oko kuphela kwimiba eyahlukileyo kwezoqoqosho lweklasikhi kunye neoclassical, nekunguye okhoyo uninzi lweencwadi zokufunda kunye neengcebiso zomgaqo-nkqubo.
Ngokuchanekileyo uqoqosho olunenzondelelo luza kuthandabuza iingqikelelo ezisisiseko zoqoqosho lwakudala, oluthatha umntu ngokwandisa inzuzo yakhe kuphela. Uqoqosho lunokuphinda lucingwe, ngokokubona kweengcali zezoqoqosho, zijonga isibonelelo esinikwa sisibonelelo sabanye.
Imizekelo yokuzincama
- Izibonelelo zoluntu ziyindlela yokubonakalisa ubumbano oluqhelekileyo kwixesha lethu. Ukuze babakhuthaze, oorhulumente bahlala bedala inkuthazo yokuba bathathe inxaxheba kuzo, njengokutsala irhafu kwabo banikelayo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuyaphikisana nomgaqo siseko osisiseko wokungazingci, ongazukufumana zibonelelo.
- Kwinkolo yamaJuda, umbuzo wokuzincama unesimo esongezelelekileyo, uqinisa ukubaluleka kokungalindeli mbuyekezo: elona nyathelo lithatha inxaxheba lithathwa njengaleyo ithi lowo wenza okuhle angamazi lowo uyamkelayo, kwaye lowo uyamkelayo uyayamkela naye akazi ukuba yenziwe ngubani.
- Xa umntu elahlekile esitalatweni, okanye engalwazi ulwimi, ukusondela ukuzokucacisa nokumnceda yinto encinci yokuzincama.
- Amaxesha amaninzi iintsapho ezivela kumazwe anemvelaphi entle kwezoqoqosho zamkela abantwana abanengxaki ethile kwiintsapho zabo okanye kwilizwe labo lokuzalwa, kwisimo sengqondo sokungakhathali.
- Nangona ingumsebenzi ohlawulelweyo, maninzi amazwe angabaqapheli ootitshala kunye noogqirha ngendlela ebafaneleyo, kwaye umsebenzi wabo odinisayo unendawo yokuzincama kunenzuzo yobuqu.
- Umnikelo wegazi kunye nomrhumo welungu isenzo sokuzincama kakhulu, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokufuna ukulungelwa kwabanye ngaphandle kokulindela mbuyekezo.
- Kwinkqubo yemfundo maninzi amathuba okuzincama, umzekelo ukunceda abafundi ofunda nabo abangaqondi izihloko ukuba umntu uyakwazi ukuziqonda ngokulula.
- Kwinkolo yobuKristu, uYesu Krestu ngowona mzekelo ubalaseleyo wokuzinikela. Isenzo sakhe yayikukuncama ubomi bakhe ngenxa yabantakwabo emhlabeni, emva koko wabavumela ukuba bambethelele emnqamlezweni ngenxa yosindiso lwabo.
