Umxholo
Ifumaneka njani i-ethyl alcohol?
Inkqubo ye- ukufumana i-ethyl alcohol okanye ethanol Ivela kwimithombo emibini enokubakho; ipesenti enkulu yale mveliso ifunyenwe kukuvundiswa kwezityalo ezifana nommoba.
Kodwa ayenzeki kuphela ukufumana i-ethyl alcohol evela kwi-sucrose yeswekile, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane eli qela kwisitatshi sengqolowa kunye neselulosi yehlathi lemithi yesitrasi. I-ethyl alcohol efunyenwe kolu bumba ixutywe nepetroli kwaye isetyenziswa njengamafutha.
Kwelinye icala, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso, eli ziko liphunyezwa yi-catalytic hydration ye-ethylene. Okokugqibela (okuvela kwi-ethane okanye i-oyile) yirhasi engenambala, exutywe ne-acid ye-sulfuric njenge-catalyst, evelisa i-ethyl alcohol. Ngenxa yolu fakelo, i-ethanol ifunyenwe ngamanzi. Kamva ukucocwa kwayo kuyimfuneko.
Ukufumana i-ethanol kwiswekile
Ukuvumba
Inkqubo iqulathe ukubila (kusetyenziswa igwele) imoloramo yomoba. Ngale ndlela kufuneka kufakwe igwele. Indlela yokukhupha utywala kule nto kufuneka uhambe ngamanqanaba okuphucula.
Oku kubila kuvelisa utshintsho lweekhemikhali kwiswekile. Oku kubangelwa sisenzo se-biochemical catalysts ezibizwa ngokuba zii-enzymes. Ezi enzymes zenziwa zizidalwa eziphilayo ezifana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomngundo. Eyona isetyenziselwe olu hlobo lwenkqubo yile IiSacharomicies Servericiae, eyaziwa njenge igwele lebhiya.
I-Sulphuric acid, ipenicillin, i-ammonium phosphate, i-zinc sulphate, i-manganese sulphate, kunye ne-magnesium sulphate ziyongezwa kweli gwele lalo mfuyi. Ndiyabulela kule nkqubo, ukusuka kwimolekyuli enye ye-sucrose, kuye kwafunyanwa iimolekyuli ezine (4) zotywala.
Ukufumana iwayini ecocekileyo
Emva koko, ipleyiti kunye nemilomo yecentrifuges zisetyenziselwa ukukhupha igwele. Oku kuvelisa ukwahlukana kwelinye icala legwele (kunye nokuhambelana okucocekileyo okunokusetyenziswa kwakhona kolunye uhlobo lokuvumba ukuba kuxhomekeke kwisondlo esaneleyo kunye nokuqhelanisa) kwaye kwelinye icala ngaphandle kwegwele elifumana igama iwayini ecocekileyo.
Ikholamu yokucoca ulwelo
Xa iwayini ecocekileyo ingena kwiikholamu zokuhluza, kufunyanwa iimveliso ezimbini; I-stillage kunye ne-phlegm. Ngelixa ukomelela kungekho tywala, i-phlegm inomxube wotywala. Eyokugqibela iya kuthi emva koko ihlanjululwe kwiikholamu ezinje ngee-distiller kodwa zibizwa ngokuba zezihlambululi.
Iikholamu zokukrola
Ezi zinto zokucoca zifezekisa ukwahlulwa kweziselo ezinxilisayo ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngeeesters, iialdehydes, ketoni, njl.njl. Ukungcamla okungalunganga iEthyl Alcohols).
Inkqubo yokubuyisela kwakhona
Enkosi ngenkqubo yokubekwa ngokutsha, ezi Ukungcamla okungalunganga kotywala babuyela kwikholam. Ngale ndlela, bagxila kwi-phlegm ecocekileyo. Le phlegm idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwikholam yokulungisa; gxila ngakumbi kwiziselo ezinxilisayo.
Ikholamu yokulungisa
Le kholamu yokugqibela yokulungisa iya kuthi ekugqibeleni yahlule iindywala ezahlukeneyo. Ke, kwindawo esezantsi iya kuba ngamanzi kunye notywala obuphezulu; Ukungcamla okungalunganga kunye ne-isopropyl alcohol iya kuhlala kwicandelo eliphakathi. Ekugqibeleni, phezulu kwikholam, ifayile ye- incasa elungileyo ye-ethyl alcohol ngepesenti ejikeleze i-96 °.
