Olunye uhlobo lwezibaso

Umxholo

• Kutheni ziyimfuneko?
• Imizekelo yezibaso ezizezinye

Inkqubo ye- Olunye uhlobo lwezibaso ibizwa njalo kuba ziyilelwe ngokukodwa njengezinye iindlela ukusetyenziswa kwezibaso ngeendlela zothutho.

A ipetroli Isixhobo esinakho ukukhupha amandla ngohlobo lobushushu, ngokuhamba ngenkqubo yobundlobongela igcwala.

Inkqubo ye- ukukhupha amandla kuba, ngokwaphula iibhondi zemichiza yeemolekyuli zayo, amandla awayezibambe ezo ntambo asimahla. La mandla abizwa ngokuba ngumbophelelo wamandla kwaye ngu amandla anokubakhoOko kukuthi, ichaphazela nayiphi na into engaphandle kwemolekyuli uqobo. Umzuzu wokukhutshwa kwamandla, kwimeko yezibaso kuguqulwa kube bubushushu.

Amandla obushushu (ubushushu) anokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• Ngqo njengobushushu (amandla obushushuYile nto yenzekayo umzekelo xa sisebenzisa iinkuni (ipetroli) ukubasa umlilo.
• Ukuyiguqula ibe sisindululo (amandla oomatshiniIimoto zizixhobo ezivumela amandla akhutshwe zizibaso ukuba zisetyenziselwe ukuhambisa izinto ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, xa sisebenzisa ipetroli (ipetroli) enjinjini enokuhambisa imoto. Nangona kunjalo, ayingawo onke amandla asetyenzisiweyo kunye ukutshisa ihlala ivelisa amandla obushushu (ubushushu).

Kutheni ziyimfuneko?

Amafutha emveli, anje ngala avela kumalahle kunye nalawo avela kwi-oyile (ipetroli, idizili, njl. Njl.) Bayayikhupha igesi ngexesha lokutsha umoya omdaka, ukuba Inetyhefu kwiindawo ezinkulu.

Ukongeza, naxa ingekho kumanani abalulekileyo, ivelisa imvula eneasidi, yonakalisa izityalo kwaye ichaphazela umgangatho womhlaba. Kwelinye icala, icarbon dioxide esemoyeni yenza umaleko ovumela ubushushu belanga ukuba bungene kodwa kuthintele ukuphuma kwawo, oko ke kunegalelo kwisimo sokufudumeza umhlaba kunye nokufudumala komhlaba.

Inkqubo ye- ekujoliswe kuko kwezinye iifutha kukubonelela ngomthombo amandla acocekileyo nozinzileyoOko kukuthi, akuveli kwimithombo yobutyebi Ayinakuhlaziywa, njengeoyile.

Olunye uhlobo lwezibaso lusemtsha ngokwentelekiso kwaye ngoku iitekhnoloji ezifunekayo kwimveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo zikwisigaba sokuqala sophuhliso. Ke ngoko, nangona kusetyenziswe ezinye ii-fuel ezizezinye, uninzi lwazo lusafuna amandla ngakumbi kwimveliso yazo kunalawo afunyanwa ngokutsha. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunokwenzeka kusaphandwa kuba kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba ngetekhnoloji efanelekileyo ukusebenza kwayo kuya kuphucula.

• Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo yezibaso kubomi bemihla ngemihla

Imizekelo yezibaso ezizezinye

1. BTL: I-Biomass ukuya kulwelo. Isifinyezo se-BTL sivela kwi-English "Biomass to Liquids". Inkqubo ye- Ingca yinto ephilayo, oko kukuthi, izinto eziphilayo. I-BTL luhlobo lwamafutha okwenziwa olufana namafutha asefosili (ipetroli, iparafini, okanye idizili) eveliswa kwizityalo.
2. IHydrogen: Yeyona molekyuli ilula kwaye incinci: ezimbini iiathom hydrogen. Idityaniswa neoksijini nezinye izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukubasa. Uncedo lokusebenzisa le nto njengamafutha kukuba ayikhuphi Iigesi ezingcolisayo. Icala elisezantsi kukuba ayikhululekanga ngokwendalo. Ngesi sizathu, kusetyenziswa amandla amaninzi ukuyivelisa kunokuba kunokufunyanwa ngokutsha. Ingasetyenziselwa iiseli zepetroli ukwenza umbane okanye ubushushu. Inokutshiswa nakwiinjini zokutsha.
3. Umbane wombaneIimoto ezikwaziyo ukusebenzisa umbane njengoko kusenziwa amafutha ngoku. Uncedo kukuba umbane awukhuphi iigesi eziyityhefu. Icala elisezantsi kukuba izithuthi ezinokuzimela ngokwaneleyo azikenziwa. Isithuthi siyazimela kuthetha ukuba sinokuhamba inani elikhulu leekhilomitha ngaphandle kokufaka ioyile. Oku akwenzeki ngeemoto zombane. Ukongeza, zimbalwa izixeko ezineenkqubo ezikhoyo zokutshaja ezi moto, ngelixa ipetroli ifumaneka kwihlabathi liphela.
4. IBioethanol: Yi ethanol (imveliso yotywala ye ukubila) ezinokufumaneka kwizityalo ezinjengombona okanye iimbotyi zesoya. Yiprojekthi yepetroli oyithandayo ngenxa yokuba impahla engekasilwa ivuseleleka ngokulula. Nangona kunjalo, kukwakhona indawo ebaluleke kakhulu etyhola ukusetyenziswa kwezityalo kwimveliso yamafutha ukonyuka kwamaxabiso okutya. Kwakhona, ayikaqinisekiswa ukuba ayivelisi igesi eyityhefu. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuba ikhupha iigesi eziyityhefu iya kuba kumgangatho omncinci kakhulu kunaye ifosili yeefuweli. Kwangendlela efanayo eyenzeka ngayo ngehydrogen, enye into engalunganga kwi-bioethanol kukuba amandla asetyenziswayo kwimveliso yawo mkhulu kunalawo afunyenwe kumafutha.
5. IBiodiesel: Amafutha olwelo aveliswa ngokukodwa kwiipids, oko kukuthi, iioyile zemifuno kunye namafutha ezilwanyana. Ngokungafaniyo ne-bioethanol, ayiveliswa kukuvumba kodwa kukuqinisekiswa kunye nokuhanjiswa. Izinto ezingavunyelwanga zihlala zi-rapeseed i-oyile, i-oli yesundu kunye necamelina. Amafutha ezilwanyane anengxaki yokuvelisa i-biodiesel eqina kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunanqwenelekayo.
6. I-CTL: Amalahle angamanzi. Amalahle anokujika abe lulwelo olwenziwe yi hydrocarbon enkosi kwinkqubo yemichiza ebizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yePott-Broche. Ubushushu obuphezulu, isinyibilikisi soxinzelelo oluphezulu sisetyenziswa kwilahleko. IHydrogen yongezwa emva koko imveliso iqhubeka nokucokiswa.