Umxholo
- I-Organelles kwiiseli ze-eukaryotic
- I-Organelles kwiiseli zeprokaryotic
- Imizekelo ye-organelles kwiiseli ze-eukaryotic
- Imizekelo ye-organelles kwiiseli zeprokaryotic
Inkqubo ye- organelles okanye ii-organelles zeselula zizinto ezingaphakathi kwiseli nganye. Ziyahlukahluka kwi-morphology kwaye ziyahluka ngokwazo ngomsebenzi lowo ngamnye awuzalisekisayo ngaphakathi kweseli. Njengokuba: i-mitochondria, izixhobo zeGolgi, ii-ribosomes.
Ii-Organelles zikhona kwiiseli ze-eukaryotic kunye neprokaryotic. Uhlobo kunye nenombolo ye-organelles enayo iseli ixhomekeke ngqo ekusebenzeni kwayo nakwimeko. Njengokuba: iiseli zezityalo zine-chloroplast organelle (ejongene nefotosinthesisi).
I-Organelles kwiiseli ze-eukaryotic
Iiseli ze-Eukaryotic zezo zinenucleus yeseli equlathe iDNA. Zikho kwizinto eziphilayo ezingafaniyo nezinye. Njengokuba: iseli yezilwanyana, iseli yesityalo.
Olu hlobo lweeseli lwenziwe ngolwakhiwo olunenwebu, iseli yeseli kunye necytoplasm (apho kufunyanwa elona nani likhulu leeseli). I-Organelles ivumela iiseli ze-eukaryotic ukuba zibaluleke ngakumbi kuneeseli zeprokaryotic.
- Inokukunceda: Iiseli ezizodwa
I-Organelles kwiiseli zeprokaryotic
Iiseli zeprokaryotic zezo zingenayo iseli yeseli. Zikho kwizinto eziphilayo ezingafaniyo. Banesakhiwo esincinci kwaye sinzima ngakumbi kuneeseli ze-eukaryotic. Njengokuba: i iintsholongwane, neengqameko.
Ngokungafaniyo neeseli ze-eukaryotic, ii-prokaryotes zineendidi ezimbalwa ze-organelles kulwakhiwo lwazo, olwahluka ngokweempawu kunye nemisebenzi yeseli nganye kwaye zibakhona kwezinye. Njengokuba: ribosomes okanye iiplasmids.
Iiseli zeprokaryotic zabelana ngenwebu, icytoplasm, i-ribosomes, kunye nezinto zofuzo kunye neseli ye-eukaryotic.
Imizekelo ye-organelles kwiiseli ze-eukaryotic
- Udonga lweselula. Ubume obuqinileyo obukhusela iiseli ezifumaneka kwizityalo, ifungi kunye nezinye iiseli zeprokaryotic. Yenziwe ziicarbohydrate kunye neeproteni. Olu donga lweseli lukhusela iseli kwimeko engaphandle.
- Inwebu yePlasma. I-lipid bilayer encinci equlathe iimolekyuli zeproteni. I-elastic kwaye umsebenzi wayo kukulawula ukungena nokuphuma kwezinto kwiseli. Ikhusela ubume kunye nokuthembeka kweseli kwizinto zangaphandle zokusingqongileyo. Kukwakhona nakwiiseli zeprokaryotic.
- I-reticulum enobunzima be-endoplasmic. Inethiwekhi yeembumba ezikhoyo phantse kuzo zonke iiseli ze-eukaryotic. Umsebenzi wayo kukudibanisa kunye nokuthuthwa kweeproteni. Inee-ribosomes ezinika ukubonakala kwayo kabuhlungu.
- I-reticulum egudileyo endoplasmic. Inwebu eqhubekayo ne-endoplasmic reticulum erhabaxa kodwa ingenayo i-ribosomes.Imisebenzi yayo ibandakanya ukuhanjiswa kweseli, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-lipid kunye nokugcinwa kwe calcium.
- IiRibosomes. Ii-Supramolecular complexes ezikhoyo ngoku phantse kuzo zonke iiseli ze-eukaryotic. Umsebenzi wawo kukuhlanganisa iiproteni ezivela kulwazi oluqulethwe kwi-DNA. Zifumaneka simahla kwi-cytoplasm okanye ziqhotyoshelwe kwi-reticulum ergoplasmic. Zikwakhona nakwiiseli zeprokaryotic.
- Izixhobo zeGolgi. Uthotho lweembumba ezinomsebenzi wokuhambisa kunye nokupakisha iiproteni. Linoxanduva lokwenza i-gluco-lipids kunye ne-gluco-protein.
- IMitochondria. Ulwakhiwo lobume obude okanye okweqanda obunoxanduva lokubonelela ngamandla kwiseli. Benza i-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ngokuphefumla kweselula. Zifumaneka phantse kuzo zonke iiseli ze-eukaryotic.
- Vacuoles. Ulwakhiwo olukhoyo kuzo zonke iiseli zezityalo. Ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiseli ekuyo. Umsebenzi wabo kukugcina kunye nokuhambisa. Banegalelo ekukhuleni kwamalungu ezityalo kunye nezicubu. Ukongeza, bayangenelela kwinkqubo ye-homeostasis (ukulawulwa komzimba).
- IiMicrotubules. Ulwakhiwo lwee-Tubular ezinemisebenzi yazo: uthutho lwe-intracellular, ukuhanjiswa kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwe-organelles kwiseli kunye nongenelelo kwisahlulo seseli (zombini kwi-mitosis kunye ne-meiosis).
- Iivenkile Iingxowa ze-Intracellular ezinomsebenzi wokugcina, ukuhambisa okanye ukuhambisa inkunkuma yeselula. Bahlulwe kwisytoplasm ngenwebu.
- Lysosomes Iingxowa ezijikelezayo ezinee-enzyme zokugaya ukutya. Imisebenzi yabo ibandakanya ukuthuthwa kweprotein, ukwetyiswa kweselfowuni kunye ne-phagocytosis yamagciwane ahlasela iseli. Zikho kuzo zonke iiseli zezilwanyana. Bona bakha izixhobo Golgi.
- Nyukliya. Ulwakhiwo lwembonakalo oluqulathe iDNA ngaphakathi kwee-macromolecule ezibizwa ngokuba zii-chromosomes. Ifumaneka kuphela kwiiseli ze-eukaryotic.
- Inyukliya Ummandla ngaphakathi kwenucleus eyakhiwe yiRNA kunye neeproteni. Umsebenzi wayo kukudibanisa i-RNA ye-ribosomal RNA.
- Iikloploplast. Iiplastikhi zifunyanwa kuphela kwi-algae nakwiiseli zezityalo. Banoxanduva lokuqhuba inkqubo yefotosinthesis kwiseli. Zineengxowa zangaphakathi eziqukethe iklorofili.
- Iimelanosomas. Isakhiwo esisezantsi okanye esine-melanin, i-pigment efunxa ukukhanya. Zifumaneka kwiiseli zezilwanyana.
- ICentrosome. Iziko lokulungiselela iMicrotubule likho kwezinye iiseli zezilwanyana. Inxaxheba kwicandelo leeseli kunye neenkqubo zothutho. Hlela ii-microtubules zeseli.
- ICytoskeleton Isakhelo seeproteni ezinika ubume kunye nokulungelelanisa izinto zangaphakathi zeseli. Ithatha inxaxheba kwi-intracellular traffic kunye nokwahlulwa kweeseli.
- Cilia. Incinci, imfutshane kunye ne-villi eninzi evumela ukuhamba kweseli kunye nokuhamba. Zifumaneka kumphezulu weentlobo ezininzi zeeseli.
- UFlagella. Inkqubo yeembumba ezinde kunye nezinqabileyo ezivumela ukuhamba kweeseli kunye negalelo ekubanjweni kokutya.
- Iiperoxisomes. Ubume obenziwe nge-Vesicle obuzalisekisa imisebenzi ye-metabolic. Zifumaneka kwiiseli ezininzi ze-eukaryotic.
- Ii-Amyloplast. Iiplastikhi ezifumaneka kwezinye iiseli zezityalo ezinomsebenzi wokugcina isitatshi.
- IiChromoplast. Iiplastikhi ezifumaneka kwezinye iiseli zezityalo ezigcina ii-pigment ezinika iintyatyambo zezityalo, iziqu, iziqhamo kunye neengcambu umbala wazo.
- Iiprotheni. Iiplastikhi ezifumaneka kwezinye iiseli zezityalo ezinomsebenzi wokugcina iiproteni.
- Oleoplast. Amacwecwe afunyenwe kwezinye iiseli zezityalo ezinomsebenzi wokugcina ioyile okanye amafutha.
- Imvelaphi. Uhlobo lwe-peroxisome ekhoyo kwezinye iiseli zezityalo eziguqula ii-lipids zibe ziicarbohydrate ngexesha lokuhluma kwembewu.
- Iakrosome. I-Vesicle ebekwe ekupheleni kwentloko yesidoda equkethe ii-enzyme ze-hydrolytic.
- IHydrogenosome. Ulwakhiwo olunomda kumbindi ovelisa imolekyuli yehydrogen kunye neATP.
Imizekelo ye-organelles kwiiseli zeprokaryotic
- Inyukliya. Ingingqi yeseli emile ngokungaqhelekanga yeeseli zeprokaryotic equlathe iDNA yeseli.
- IiPlasmids Iisetyhula eziqulathe izinto zemvelo zeseli. Zikwabizwa ngokuba "ziijini ezihambayo." Zikhona kwiibhaktheriya kunye neArchaea.
- IPili. Izandiso zifunyenwe kumphezulu weebacteria ezininzi. Benza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo enjengokuhamba kweseli okanye unxibelelwano phakathi kweentsholongwane.
- Ingakukhonza: Unicellular kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezininzi
