amandla ombane

Umxholo

• Izinto eziluncedo zombane wamanzi
• Ukungancedi kwamandla ombane
• Imizekelo yamandla e-hydraulic
• Ezinye iintlobo zamandla

Inkqubo ye- amandla ombane (ekwabizwa ngokuba ngamanzi okanye ngamanzi) ifunyanwa ngombulelo kumandla e-kinetic kunye namandla anokubakho emisinga yamanzi (enjengeengxangxasi okanye imilambo) kunye namaza.

Amandla eKinetic ngamandla athe nawuphi na umzimba anawo ngenxa yentshukumo yawo. Umzekelo, ukuba sincike ipensile ephepheni kwaye siyibambe ngxi, ipensile ayihambisi naliphi na iphepha ephepheni (akukho mandla e-kinetic).

Kwelinye icala, ukuba sibetha iphepha ngencam yepensile, oko kukuthi, sihamba ngesantya esiphezulu, ipensile yaphula iphepha ngenxa yombane wayo wekinetic. Ngesi sizathu, amandla ombane Awuveli kumachibi okanye kumadama, kodwa kwimithombo yamanzi ehambayo, efana nemilambo kunye neelwandle.

Amandla anokubakho yile nto ikwinto ngenxa yesikhundla sayo esimalunga nenkqubo. Umzekelo, iapile emthini inamandla okuwa kwayo, okt amandla amakhulu kunokuba iapile ikwindawo ephezulu.

Sebenzisa i amandla anokubakho amanzi kuthetha ukuba umahluko wobude phakathi kwendawo apho amanzi avela khona kunye nendawo aya kuwela kuyo uyasetyenziswa. Amandla awela kuwo ngenxa yokunyusa amandla omxhuzulane aguqulwa abe ngamandla e-kinetic.

Bona kwakho: Imizekelo yamandla kubomi bemihla ngemihla

Izinto eziluncedo zombane wamanzi

• Ngamandla ahlaziyekayoNgamanye amagama, ayizukuphela ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo, enkosi kumjikelo wamanzi. Nokuba isixa esikhulu samanzi siphuma echibini kwaye sidlula kwisikhululo samandla ombane, la manzi aya kubuyela echibini ngenxa yomjikelo wamanzi, oya kuthi abangele ukuba amanzi anyamalale abuye abuyele kwimeko yemvula.
• Ukwenza okuphezuluNgokwahlukileyo kwamanye amandla ahlaziyekayo (njengamandla elanga), indawo encinci iyimfuneko ukufumana isixa esikhulu samandla.
• Ayivelisi ukukhutshwa okuyityhefu: Njengalezo ziveliswe eminye imithombo yamandla enje ifosili yeefuweli.
• Ixabiso eliphantsiUmsebenzi wayo uzimele kumaxabiso eoyile. Nangona ukwakhiwa kwesityalo se-hydroelectric kungabiza kakhulu, ubomi bayo obuluncedo bunokudlula kwiminyaka eyi-100.

Ukungancedi kwamandla ombane

• Nangona zikhona iindlela zamandla ombane ezingachaphazeli okusingqongileyo, uninzi lwezityalo zombane, ezenza amadama, oko kukuthi, ukukhukula kwemimandla emikhulu ejikeleze oko ngaphambili yayingumlambo. Oku kunempembelelo enzulu yokusingqongileyo, kunyanzelisa ukuhanjiswa kweentlobo ezininzi kunye nokuguqula ngokumangalisayo imbonakalo yomhlaba.
• Inkqubo yendalo ikwahlengahlengiswa ezantsi ngenxa yokuba amanzi aphuma emadamini akanantlenga, nto leyo ebangela ukhukuliseko olukhawulezileyo kunxweme lomlambo. Ukongeza, ukuhamba komlambo kuguqulwa ngokukhawuleza ngexesha elifutshane.

Imizekelo yamandla e-hydraulic

AMAZIKO E-HYDROELECTRIC

Bajika amandla emanzini abe ngumbane. Basebenzisa amandla anokubakho omzimba omkhulu wamanzi (ichibi okanye ichibi elenziweyo) ngenxa yokungalingani ngombhede womlambo. Amanzi awiswa ngeturbine, apho amandla anokubakho aguqulwa abe yi-kinetic energy (intshukumo) kwaye i-turbine iguqula amandla ombane.

Isityalo sokuqala sombane sakhiwa ngaphakathi 1879 kwiiNiagara Falls. Okwangoku, le yeyona ndlela yexabiso eliphantsi yamandla, ngenxa yolondolozo olusezantsi olufunekayo kumaziko kunye nomthamo wamandla ofunyanwa mihla le.

IIMANZI ZAMANZI

Basebenzisa amandla e-kinetic kumjelo wamanzi. Ibizwa ngokuba lilitye lokusila kuba ekusebenziseni kwayo okokuqala lalisetyenziselwa ukugaya iinkozo. Amanzi ahambisa iincakuba zevili elibekwe kancinci emanzini. Ngokusebenzisa iiseti ezithile, ukuhamba kwevili emva koko kuhambisa amatye asetyhula abizwa ngokuba ngamasondo okusila acinezela iinkozo, azitshintshe zibe umgubo.

Okwangoku, iivili zamanzi zinokusetyenziselwa ukufumana umbane ngokusebenzisa isiguquli, ngokufana nokusebenza koomatshini bomoya bezibane zombane.

Nangona kunjalo, inani lamandla afunyenweyo liphantsi kakhulu okoko amanzi ahamba ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokuba ukungalingani kwendalo kwemilambo kuphantsi kakhulu kunoko kusetyenziswa kwizityalo zombane. Iivili zokuqala zamanzi zakhiwa kwiGrisi yamandulo, ngekhulu lesi-3 BC.

AMANDLA OLWANDLE

Yindlela ekhethekileyo yokusebenzisa amandla wamanzi. Ihlelwe ku:

• Amandla avela kwimisinga yolwandle: Imisinga yolwandle ziintshukumo zaphezulu zolwandle. Ziveliswa zizinto ezininzi, ezinje ngokujikeleza komhlaba kunye nemimoya. Iirotors zisetyenziselwa ukuthatha ithuba lamandla ekinetic of the currents.
• Amandla eOsmotic: Amanzi olwandle anetyuwa, oko kukuthi, ine-concentration ye uyaphuma. Kwelinye icala, imilambo ayinayo ityuwa. Umahluko kukuxinana kwetyuwa phakathi kwemilambo kunye nolwandle kuvelisa ukulibaziseka koxinzelelo lwe-osmosis, xa ezi ndidi zimbini zamanzi zahlulwe ngenwebu. Umahluko woxinzelelo kumacala amabini e-membrane unokusetyenziswa kwiturbine.
• Amandla obushushu avela elwandle (umbane wamaza): Umahluko kubushushu phakathi kwamanzi olwandle anzulu (abandayo) kunye nobunzulu (ukufudumala) kuvumela isixhobo eshushu ukuba sihanjiswe sivelise umbane.

Ezinye iintlobo zamandla