Umxholo
Inkqubo ye-IiSayensi zaBantu Zezinye zezo ngqeqesho zifundisisa umntu kunye neembonakaliso azenzayo eluntwini, zihlala zinxulunyaniswa nolwimi, ubugcisa, ingcinga, inkcubeko kunye nembali yazo.
Ngamafutshane, iinzululwazi zoluntu zijolise kwi Inzala abantu ababesoloko benayo ekwazini isenzo sabo, bobabini ngokukodwa nangokudibeneyo.
Bafumaneka phi?
Iqela elisecaleni apho isayensi yoluntu ikwindawo, kwicandelo eliphambili le-epistemology, yile inzululwazi eyinyaniUkwahlulwa kuveliswa luhlobo lwesifundo, ekungekho kulo meko kwizinto ezifanelekileyo kodwa kwizinto ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe, kwaye apho imithetho ngokubanzi evela ekuthatheni ingenakwenziwa rhoqo, kodwa ukuqiqa okunxulumene nokungeniswa: a Ukuqala ekuqwalaseleni iinyani ezithile okanye iimeko, kuthathelwa ingqalelo malunga nokubanzi ngaphandle kokuba (phantse njalo) ukubanakho kokungqina ngokungathandabuzekiyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphakathi kwesayensi eyinyani kukho ukwahlula phakathi yendalo, abajongana neziganeko ezijikeleze umntu ebomini bakhe kodwa bengamjikelezi ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye iinzululwazi zabantu ezizifundisisa ngokuchanekileyo kubudlelwane bazo, indlela yokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha.
Zangaphambili zihlala zibizwa ngokuba 'ngqo SciencesNgaphandle kwenyani yokuba bakwasebenzisa ukuqiqa okungahambi kakuhle. Ezi zokugqibela, isayensi yoluntu, bahlala bejongelwa phantsi kwaye neempawu zabo zesayensi azithembekanga, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezinto ezinikezelwa lulwazi olunikezelayo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, ulwahlulo lwangaphakathi lwezenzululwazi zoluntu lwenziwa ngokubhekisele kwi kwezentlalo, kuba eyokugqibela (enje ngezoqoqosho, inzululwazi yezentlalo okanye inzululwazi yezopolitiko) ibhekisa ngakumbi kubudlelwane bomntu phakathi kwabo kunokubaluleka kwabo.
Kuba zibalulekile?
Ukubaluleka kwesayensi yoluntu yingxowa-mali, ngakumbi ngamaxesha apho utshintsho kwihlabathi lubangela ukuthandabuza okukhulu malunga nokuba iintlobo zabantu ziya kuya phi: ezi zifundo zivumela abantu ukuba bazi ngobudlelwane babo noontanga babo kunye nendawo abahlala kuyo.
Imizekelo evela kwisayensi yoluntu
- IfilosofiInzululwazi ejongene nenqobo, iipropathi, i oonobangela kunye neziphumo zezinto, ukuphendula imibuzo ekhoyo izinto zokuqala umntu anazo kwaye wayenazo.
- IHermeneuticsUqeqesho olusekwe kutoliko lweetekisi, ngakumbi ezo zithathwa njengezingcwele.
- Ithiyori yeenkoloIindlela zentlalontle, ezinxulunyaniswa nababhali abanjengoMarx, uDurkheim noWeber, abangakholwanga ngumlinganiswa owahlukileyo inkolo ngokubhekisele kwiimeko zabo zentlalo.
- ImfundoUkufundwa kweengcinga ezahlukeneyo malunga neendlela zokufundisa nokufunda, ezinxulunyaniswa nomxholo othile apho ulwazi ludluliswa khona ngengqondo engacacanga okanye eyahlukeneyo.
- Yokwenziwa: Oko kubizwa ngokuba 'yinzululwazi yobuhle' efunda izizathu kunye neemvakalelo ezinikezelwa bubugcisa, kwaye kutheni kwezinye iimeko intle kakhulu kunezinye.
- IJografi: Inzululwazi ejongene nenkcazo yoMhlaba, kubandakanya nendalo esingqongileyo, uluntu oluhlala emhlabeni nakwimimandla eyakhiwe apho.
- Imbali: Inzululwazi ejongene nokufunda okwadlulayo kuluntu, ngesiqalo sokuqala esinokubonakala kokubhala.
- Psychology: Inzululwazi icandelo lakhe lokufunda linamava oluntu, kuba lijongana nohlalutyo lokuziphatha kunye neenkqubo zengqondo zabantu kunye namaqela abantu kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
- I-AnthropologyInzululwazi efunda imiba ebonakalayo kunye ne ukubonakaliswa kwezentlalo kunye nenkcubeko zoluntu.
- Isayensi yezomthethoUqeqesho olunoxanduva lokufunda, ukutolika nokwenza ukuba inkqubo yezomthetho ifezekise kangangoko imeko yezomthetho.
Ezinye iintlobo zesayensi:
- Imizekelo yeeNzululwazi eziSulungekileyo neziSebenzisiweyo
- Imizekelo yeeNzululwazi eziNzima kunye neeSoft
- Imizekelo yeeNzululwazi ezisesikweni
- Imizekelo yeeSayensi eziNqobo
- Imizekelo kwiiSayensi zeNtlalo
- Imizekelo evela kwiiNzululwazi zeNdalo
