Amandla ombane

Umxholo

• Imizekelo yamandla obushushu
• Ezinye iintlobo zamandla

Inkqubo ye-amandla ombane ngumthombo wamandla ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ehlaziyekayo, yohlobo lwentaba-mlilo, equka ukuthatha ithuba lobushushu obungaphakathi bomhlaba womhlaba.

Kuba ubushushu oburekhodiweyo bunyuka njengokuba sisondela embindini womhlaba, zininzi iitafile zamanzi eziphantsi komphezulu apho amanzi afudumeza kwaye kamva avele njengejethi ezinkulu zomphunga kunye nolwelo olushushu, oko ke kunika iigiza kunye namanzi. isetyenziswe luluntu ukusukela kumaxesha akudala ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Zikwenzeka rhoqo kwiindawo ezinentaba-mlilo ephezulu.

Kukho, ke, iintlobo ezintathu zamachibi e-geothermal, angala:

• Amanzi ashushu. Banokwenza umthombo okanye bangaphantsi komhlaba (kwii-aquifers). Bahlala bexhaphaza ngenkqubo yemithombo ephindwe kabini, evumela ukufakwa kwakhona kwamanzi ukuze kungagqitywa idiphozithi.
• Yomile La ngamabala abilayo ngegesi kodwa engenamanzi, anokusetyenziswa emva koko ahlaziywe ngokufaka inkunkuma kulwelo ukuze iqale kwakhona.
• Iigiza Imithombo eshushu kuxinzelelo olunje lokuba ngamanye amaxesha ikhuphe umphunga kunye namanzi abilayo kumphezulu njengoko ehambisa.

Ngelixa la mandla kufanelekile ukuba abekho ehlaziyekayoKuba ubushushu bomhlaba abuphelanga, kuye kwenzeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuxhaphaza apho i-magma ipholile kwaye iyeke ukufudumeza kwayo amanzi, ukongeza ekuhambeni neenyikima zomhlaba ezincinci kodwa rhoqo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kusithiwa amandla e-geothermal akanakuhlaziywa ngokupheleleyo..

Amandla e-geothermal angasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane, ukupholisa kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kobushushu.

Imizekelo yamandla obushushu

1. Iintaba-mlilo. Mhlawumbi eyona mbonakalo igqamileyo neyothusayo yamandla obushushu bomhlaba ziintaba-mlilo, ezinoxanduva lokutshabalalisa indalo esingqongileyo kunye nezinto eziphilayo ngexesha lokuqhuma kwazo, ezithi zibangele ukubila kwemagma (lava), iigesi eziyityhefu, kunye nothuthu olunqumamileyo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Amandla abo amandla makhulu kodwa asendle, ngenxa yoko azisebenziseki nangayiphi na indlela, kodwa endaweni yoko yintlekele yendalo ekufuneka uninzi lwabantu lujongane nayo amaxesha ngamaxesha.
2. AmaGiza. Eli ligama leseti yezixhobo zombane ze-geoelectric ezikwi-116 km ukusuka kwisixeko saseSan Francisco, eUnited States, ethathelwa ingqalelo njengesona sakhiwo sikhulu ehlabathini. Iyakwazi ukuvelisa ngaphezulu kwe-950 MW yombane kwi-63% yemveliso yayo, isebenzisa umphunga ophuma ngaphezulu kwama-350 eigiza kwizityalo ezingama-21 ezahlukeneyo.
3. Izityalo zetyuwa. Amandla ombane asetyenziswayo okwangoku ekususeni ityuwa emanzini, ngokusebenzisa ubushushu bawo kumjikelo womphunga kunye nokuxinana kolwelo, oluvumela ukususwa kwetyuwa kunye nezinye izinto ezinzima ezikhoyo, umzekelo, emanzini olwandle. Le yinkqubo yezoqoqosho nezendalo ebisoloko isaziwa ukusukela ngo-1995 yi-American Douglas Firestone.
4. Iimpompo zobushushu be-geothermal. Kokubini ukupholisa kunye nokufudumeza, amandla e-geothermal asetyenziswa ngeenkqubo zempompo yomoya, ukugcina ubushushu bezakhiwo zonke. Ngumthombo wobushushu osebenza ngamandla oneemfuno eziphantsi zombane, othatha ithuba lobushushu obuhlala buhleli bomaleko wokuqala womhlaba ukunciphisa imijikelezo yecompressor.
5. Ixesha le-Oven-Grill yeTimanfaya. Ukuthatha ithuba lomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo kwiiCanary Islands, indawo yokutyela "i-El Diablo" yokutya okwenziwa ngobugcisa basekuhlaleni kuyile i-oveni esebenza ngokubhekisele ekutyhilekeni kokutya kubushushu obuvela kwimisebenzi yemagnethi kunye ne-geothermal ye-Timanfaya National Park kwesi siqithi. YeLanzarote. Bucala ngasekhohlo "i-vulkan grill”Iquka uthotho lweegridi ezifakwe equleni elingena ngqo emhlabeni.
6. Isityalo samandla aphuma kubushushu bomhlaba Hellisheiði. Ifumaneka e-Iceland, kufutshane ne-Hengill volcano, iikhilomitha ezili-11 ukusuka kwikomkhulu, esi sityalo sivelisa amandla ombane kunye namandla ashushu, e-303 MWe kunye ne-133 MWt ngokwahlukeneyo. Liziko elikhulayo okoko laqalwa ngo-2006, ezandleni zenkampani i-Orkuveita Reykjavíkur.
7. Izindlu zokugcina izityalo ezifudumeleyo. Kwisixeko saseValencia, eSpain, nakwezinye iiprojekthi ezifanayo eChile, amandla obushushu avela kumanzi ashushu aphantsi komhlaba sele esetyenziswa, ngokutsalwa kwamanzi kunye nemijikelezo yenaliti ukugcina ubushushu bendlu eluhlaza gingci unyaka wonke. . Ngale ndlela, imveliso inokwandiswa ngexabiso lamandla elincinci kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-CO kuncitshiswe kwinkqubo.₂ ezihlala zikhapha ukukhutshwa komhlaba kunye nongcoliseko lomoya.
8. Isityalo samandla eCerro Prieto. Isityalo sesibini se-geothermal emhlabeni, esinomthamo we-720 MW kunye nezicwangciso zokwandisa ezinokukhokelela ekubeni ifikelele kumanani aphezulu, ikufutshane kakhulu nentaba-mlilo engaziwayo eMexico, Baja California, Mexico. Yenziwe ziiyunithi ezintlanu ezikhoyo ukuze zithathe ithuba lobushushu obuvela kwimisebenzi yemagnethi yomhlaba ongaphantsi.
9. Ukomiswa kwezolimo. Ukuthatha ithuba lobushushu kumandla obushushu obuphuma emhlabeni ukuze ubudlulisele kwizinto zezolimo ezifuna ukomiswa, njengokunyanjiswa kwamasi okanye ukucoca ukutya, yiprojekthi enomdla okhethekileyo kuMbutho wezoKutya kunye nezoLimo kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo. Nge-Epreli ka-2015, olu hlobo lwesiza lwacetyiswa ngokusesikweni, ngakumbi luluncedo kumazwe asaphuhlayo, njengoko ingumthombo wamandla ongabizi kakhulu nongaguquguqukiyo.
10. IYellowstone Park Geysers. Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sama-geyser ali-1000 ehlabathini akule Paki yeSizwe yaseMelika, ethathwa njengeyona indala ehlabathini. Lo mmandla unomsebenzi owomeleleyo noqhubekayo wentaba-mlilo, ethi ke ngoko igutyungelwe kukuhamba-hamba kwendle kunye neentlabathi, ezinegiza ezingaphezu kwama-200 kunye nemithombo yamanzi ashushu ayi-1000.

Ezinye iintlobo zamandla