Amandla ekhemikhali

Umxholo

• Imizekelo yamandla ekhemikhali
• Unokukukhonza
• Ezinye iintlobo zamandla

Inkqubo ye- amandla eekhemikhali Nguye ovela kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphendula kwamachiza apho umbandela unokuchaphazeleka, oko kukuthi, okuqulathwe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubopha phakathi kweeathom okanye ezibangelwe kukwaphuka kwazo.

Amandla emichiza asetyenziswa mihla le kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bethu apho kwenzeka khona izinto ezahlukeneyo. iimpendulo zamachiza. Kuhlala kusithiwa le ndlela yamandla iqulethwe kwimizimba, kwaye ngenxa yeso sizathu iya kuthi ibonakale kuthi kuphela xa bephantsi kotshintsho olukhulu emzimbeni wabo. umba.

Ngapha koko, zonke iintlobo zepetroli zinamandla ekhemikhali anokuguqulelwa kwisixa se kushushu, ubundlobongela okanye umsebenzi othile. Kwaye ngaloo ndlela, nawuphina umthombo wamandla emichiza uguqula umba ebikuwo.

Bona kwakho: Imizekelo yamandla kubomi bemihla ngemihla

Imizekelo yamandla ekhemikhali

1. Ifotosinthesisi. Izityalo zifumana amandla azo ekuphenduleni kweekhemikhali ezenzeka ngaphakathi kuzo, phakathi kwelanga, i-CO₂, amanzi kunye ezahlukeneyo ii-enzymes kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezifumana amandla kunye neoksijini kuyo. Imveliso yamandla yempendulo yamachiza iqulethwe kwi iimolekyuli Izinto ezithatha inxaxheba kwaye zikhutshwa sisityalo ukuze zisincede kwaye sizilondoloze.
2. Ukuphefumla. Kuyafana nakwimeko yangaphambili yeyokuba izilwanyana, endaweni yokusebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga, i-CO₂ kunye namanzi, kufuna ioksijini kunye neglucose ukukhupha amanzi, i-CO₂ kwaye ufumane amandla, kubalulekile ukugcina umjikelo uqhubeka. Le nkqubo yeyona esigcina siphila kwaye sabelana ngayo iphela Ubukumkani bezilwanyana kunye nenxalenye ye- abanye.
3. Ukutsha. Xa siqala imoto, njengemoto, ipetroli, okanye hydrocarbon oyisebenzisayo njengombane ulawulwa kumjikelo wezinto ezilawulwayo kunye nemikhosi evelisa amandla, avumela ukuhamba. Amafutha aqukethe la mandla kwi iiathom zekhabhoni kunye nehydrogen eziyibumbayo kwaye, xa yaphukileyo, ziguqulwa zenziwe ezinye iikhompawundi kwaye zikhuphe amandla.
4. Ukuhla. Ngundo kunye iintsholongwane ezondla ngento yendalo kwi ukubola, banokufumana amandla ayimfuneko kwiinkqubo zabo kwi ukubila iswekile kunye nesitatshi, ukufumana utywala okanye ezinye iimveliso ngenxa yenkqubo yokwaphula iimolekyuli zezinto eziphilayo. Into efana naleyo yenzeka esiswini sethu, apho iiasidi zisaphula iibhondi zemolekyuli zokutya ezivelisa iikhalori.
5. Ukuhamba emajukujukwini. Amafutha asetyenziswa ziinqanawa eziya enyangeni okanye ezathumela iisathelayithi emajukujukwini aziqhelekanga, njengalezo zisetyenziswa yinjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Endaweni yoko, ziziphumo zempendulo yeekhemikhali ezintsonkothileyo ezikhutshwa ngamandla amakhulu kangangokuba zinokuthintela umthetho womxhuzulane entweni into enkulu yerokethi inde ngokwaneleyo ukushiya iatmosfera.
6. Umhlwa. Uninzi lweekhemikhali esiziphethe kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, ezinjengokucoca amanzi kunye nezinye eziqulethe iiasidi okanye iziseko ezigabadeleyo, zizinto ezonakalisayo, ezinako ukunxiba umphezulu abadibana nawo, kwinkqubo ekhupha ubushushu kwaye itye yonke into ephilayo. Ukutsha kwezinto ezonakalisayo kubangelwa bubushushu obunyibilikayo iipilisi Bavelisa ulusu, kunokuba nefuthe lwento uqobo.
7. Ukuphendula okumangalisayo. Izinto ezininzi, ezinjenge-caustic soda, ziyoma kangangokuba xa zidibana namanzi, zisabela ngendlela exakayo, oko kukuthi, zikhupha ubushushu. Ezi mpendulo, ezingafaniyo neziseko ezomeleleyo, zikhupha amandla kwindalo esingqongileyo kwaye zinokuba yingozi ebantwini. izinto eziphilayo ngeenxa zonke.
8. Ukuqhuma. Yikhathuni yeklasikhi yokuchitha i-TNT emhlabeni kwaye uyiqhume ngokungazi. Nangona oku kungenjalo, zininzi izinto ezingazinzanga ngekhemikhali ezithi, xa zidibana neoksijini esemoyeni, zisabele zikhupha izixa ezikhulu kunye neziqubulisayo zamandla e-caloric kunye ne-kinetic, nto leyo esiqhele ukuyibiza ngokuba kukuqhushumba.
9. Amandla enyukliya. Nangona isebe layo lilonke, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile amandla akhutshwe kwisityalo samandla enyukliya (aze kamva aguqulwe abe ngumbane) okanye kwibhombu yeatom, yimizekelo yamandla ekhemikhali, ngokokuba imvelaphi yawo ikukuphendula okwenzeka kumxokelelwane. Uxhokonxwe yindoda evela kwizinto ezithile eziphathwe elabhoratri, ezinje ngeUranium okanye iHydrogen, kwaye xa unyanzelwa kukusabela kweekhemikhali kufission okanye fuse Iiathom zazo, ngokwahlukeneyo, zikhupha amandla amakhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo.
10. Iibhetri kunye neebhetri. Iibhetri esizisebenzisa kakhulu (ulawulo olukude, iimoto, iiselfowuni) ziqulathe ezahlukeneyo iiasidi kunye nesinyithi ekuphenduleni okulawulwayo, isiphumo soko kwangoko kukusebenza kombane. Xa iibhetri ziphela, loo mbane ulahlekile kwaye iibhetri kufuneka zitshintshwe.

Unokukukhonza

• Imizekelo yeKhemistry kubomi bemihla ngemihla
• Imizekelo yamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nahlaziyiweyo
• Imizekelo yeNguqu yezaMandla

Ezinye iintlobo zamandla