Coenzymes

Umxholo

• Imizekelo yee-coenzymes

Inkqubo ye- coenzymes okanye izithambiso ziindidi ezincinci ze Imolekyuli yendalo, ye-non-protein, enomsebenzi emzimbeni ukuhambisa amaqela eekhemikhali athile phakathi kwee-enzymes ezahlukeneyo, ngaphandle kokuba yinxalenye yesakhiwo. Yindlela yokwenza ukuba isebenzise ii-coenzymes, eziqhubeka ziphinda zisetyenziswe yimetabolism, ivumela ukuqhubekeka komjikelo kunye nokutshintshiselana kwamaqela eekhemikhali ubuncinci kutyalo-mali lweekhemikhali namandla.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-coenzymes, ezinye zazo ziqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zobomi. Uninzi lwazo zineevithamini okanye zivela kuzo.

Bona kwakho: Imizekelo yee-Enzymes (kunye nomsebenzi wazo)

Imizekelo yee-coenzymes

• INicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH kunye neNAD +). Umthathi-nxaxheba kwi-redox reaction, le coenzyme ifumaneka kuzo zonke iiseli izinto eziphilayo, nokuba zi-NAD + (ezenziwe ukusuka ekuqaleni ukusuka kwi-tryptophan okanye i-aspartic acid), i-oxidant kunye ne-electron receptor; okanye njenge-NADH (imveliso yokuphendula nge-oxidation), ukunciphisa iarhente kunye nomnikeli we-elektron.
• ICoenzyme A (CoA). Uxanduva lokudlulisa amaqela e-acyl ayimfuneko kwimijikelo eyahlukeneyo ye-metabolic (enje ngokudibanisa kunye ne-oxidation ye-acid acid), yicozenzyme yasimahla efumaneka kwivitamin B5. Inyama, amakhowa kunye ne-yolk yeqanda kukutya okunotyebileyo kule vithamini.
• I-Tetrahydrofolic acid (iCoenzyme F). Yaziwa njenge coenzyme F okanye FH₄ kwaye ivela kwi-folic acid (Vitamin B₉), ibaluleke ngokukodwa kumjikelo wokudityaniswa kwee-amino acid ngakumbi i-purine, ngokudluliselwa kwe-methyl, formyl, methylene kunye namaqela e-formimino. Ukusilela kwale coenzyme kubangela i-anemia.
• Vitamin K. Inxulunyaniswe ne-clotting factor, isebenza njenge-activator yeeproteni zeplasma ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-osteocalcin. Ifezekiswa ngeendlela ezintathu: Vitamin K₁, kuninzi kuko nakuphi na ukutya kunye nemvelaphi yemifuno; Vitamin K₂ yemvelaphi yebhaktiriya kunye neVitamin K₃ yemvelaphi yokwenziwa.
• ICofactor F420. Ikhutshwe kwi-flavin kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kuthutho lwee-elektroni kwimpendulo ye-detox (redox), kubalulekile kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-methanogenesis, sulfitoreduction kunye ne-oxygen detoxification.
• I-Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Le molekyuli isetyenziswa ngabo bonke abantu abaphilayo ukondla amandla abo iimpendulo zamachiza kwaye isetyenziselwe ukuhlanganiswa kwe-RNA yeselula. Yeyona molekyuli iphambili yokuhambisa amandla isuka kwenye iseli iye kwenye.
• I-S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). Ukubandakanyeka kutshintsho lwamaqela e-methyl, yafunyanwa okokuqala ngo-1952. Yenziwe nge-ATP kunye ne-methionine, kwaye isetyenziswa njengesincedisi kuthintelo lwe-Alzheimer's. Emzimbeni iveliswa kwaye ityiwa ngu iiseli zesibindi.
• I-Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-sapropterin okanye i-BH₄, yi-coenzyme ebalulekileyo yokuhlanganiswa kwe-nitric oxide kunye ne-hydroxylases ye-amino acid. Ukusilela kwayo kunxulunyaniswa nelahleko yee-neurotransmitters ezinje nge-dopamine okanye i-serotonin.
• ICoenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone). Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-ubidecarenone okanye i-coenzyme Q, kwaye kuqhelekile phantse kuzo zonke iiseli ze-mitochondrial ezikhoyo. Kubalulekile ekuphefumlweni kweeselfowuni, okuvelisa iipesenti ezingama-95 zamandla emzimbeni womntu njenge-ATP. Iqwalaselwa njenge-antioxidant kwaye iyacetyiswa njengesongezelelo sokutya, kuba xa indala le coenzyme ayisakwazi ukwenziwa.
• Glutathione(GSH). Le tripeptide sisikhuseli se-antioxidant kunye neseli ngokuchasene neeradicals zasimahla kunye nezinye iityhefu. Yenziwe ngokuqinileyo esibindini, kodwa nayiphi na iseli yomntu iyakwazi ukuyenza isuka kwezinye iiamino acid, ezinje ngeglycine. Kucatshangelwa ukuba ngumlingani obalulekileyo ekulweni nesifo sikashukela, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-carcinogenic kunye nezifo ze-neurological.
• Vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Yishukela yeswekile esebenza njenge i-antioxidant enamandla kwaye igama lakhe livela kwisifo esibangela ukusilela kwayo, okubizwa iscurvy. Yindibaniselwano yale coenzyme iyabiza kwaye inzima, ngenxa yoko ukufunwa kwayo kuyimfuneko ngokutya.
• Vitamin B₁ (thiamine). Imolekyuli inyibilika emanzini kwaye ingenakunyibilika etywaleni, eyimfuneko kukutya phantse kwayo yonke into amathambo omqolo kunye nokuninzi iintsholongwane, kwimetabolism iikhabhohayidrethi. Ukusilela kwayo emzimbeni womntu kukhokelela kwizifo ze-beriberi kunye ne-Korsakoff syndrome.
• Biocytin. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekudlulisweni kwekhabhon diokside, iyenzeka ngokwendalo kwi-serum yegazi kunye nomchamo. Isetyenziswa kuphando lwenzululwazi njenge-tincture yeeseli zemithambo-luvo.
• Vitamin B₂ (riboflavin). Lo mbala utyheli ngundoqo kwisondlo sezilwanyana, kuba kufuneka zonke i-flavoproteins kunye namandla emetabolism, iipilisiicarbohydrate, protein kunye neeamino acid. Inokufunyanwa ngokwendalo kubisi, irayisi, okanye imifuno eluhlaza.
• Vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine). Icoenzyme enyibilikiswa ngamanzi isuswe ngomchamo, ke kufuneka itshintshwe ngokutya: intsholongwane yengqolowa, iisiriyeli, amaqanda, intlanzi kunye nemidumba, phakathi kokunye ukutya. Kuyabandakanyeka kwimetabolism iiurotransmitters kwaye inendima ebalulekileyo kwisekethe yamandla.
• Lipoic acid. Isuselwe kwi-octanoic fatty acid, iyabandakanyeka ekusetyenzisweni kweswekile kunye nasekusebenziseni ii-antioxidants ezininzi. Inemvelaphi yezityalo.
• Vitamin H (biotin). Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiVitamin B₇ okanye uB₈, kubalulekile ekwahlukaneni kwamafutha athile kunye neeamino acid, kwaye zidityaniswe ezininzi iintsholongwane isisu
• ICoenzyme B. Kubalulekile ekuphenduleni kwento ebomvu yesiqhelo sokuveliswa kwemethane bubomi bentsholongwane.
• Cytidine triphosphate. Eyona nto iphambili kwimetabolism yezinto eziphilayo, yimolekyuli yamandla aphezulu, efanayo ne-ATP. Kubalulekile ukuba kudityaniswe iDNA kunye neRNA.
• Iswekile yenyukliya. Abaxhasi beswekile monosaccharides, zibalulekile kumgaqo-siseko we-nucleic acid efana ne-DNA okanye i-RNA, ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa.

Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo yeeNzyme zokugaya ukutya