Amaqabane

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zoonobumba

Kwiilwimi ezininzi, ubuncinci beeyunithi zonxibelelwano kwi-orality ziifonimisi: izandi ezimelwe ngokubhaliweyo ziigraphhem okanye iileta.

Iindidi zeleta

Ngokwendlela umlomo ekufuneka ushukunyiswe ngayo ukuvelisa izandi ezinjalo (esizisebenzisela ulwimi, amazinyo nemilebe), kulwimi lwaseSpain oonobumba bohlulwe baba ngamaqela amabini:

• Amaqabane. Zizandi eziveliswa ngomlomo ovaliweyo, kwaye ivelisa ukuphazamiseka okupheleleyo okanye okungagungqiyo kokuhamba komoya, ukudibanisa iintshukumo ezithile zolwimi, imilebe kunye namazinyo angaphambili. Njengokuba: t, b, g.
• Izikhamiso. Zizandi eziveliswayo xa umlomo usebenza njengebhokisi yesandi yoko kuphuma ziintambo zezwi. Ngaba: a e i o u.

Uqeqesho olufunda ngokweenkcukacha ukubizwa kwamaqabane (kunye neefonimi ngokubanzi) ibizwa ngokuba yiphonology.

Ngokwenqaku kunye nemowudi yokucacisa, kunye nesenzo sekhala elithambileyo kunye nongenelelo lweentambo ezinamazwi, oonobumba bahlukaniswe baba ziindidi ezahlukeneyo (ezomibini, zokumisa, ukungcangcazela, impumlo, njl.

• Ingakukhonza: Imvano-zandi yesiqhelo

Apha amaqabane adweliswe kunye nemizekelo, elungelelaniswe ngokwealfabhethi nangamagama ayazifaka kwizikhundla ezahlukeneyo.

1. B. Njengokuba: barbukuya, banana, ukuyabisizathu.
2. C. Njengokuba: cwahamba, empacar, pocokanye.
3. D epheleleyo. Njengokuba: domingo, dkwayedokanye, ukuyadsala kakuhle
4. F. Njengokuba: Fubungangamsha, Fkulula, ukuyaFiche. 
5. UG. Njengokuba: galpongua, gisithethe.
6. UH. Njengokuba: hbeka phantsi, hshonahngoku.
7. UJ. Njengokuba: jueves, agujero, jumlilo.
8. K. Njengokuba: koala, kmna lo, kIsigqeba
9. Inkqubo kaL. Njengokuba: leqaqambileyo, lisibane, ukuyalguien.
10. M. Njengokuba: mar, moto, ukuyamndiyahamba.
11. U-N. Njengokuba: novedad, nacer, ukuyanIsibhozo.
12. P. Njengokuba: ipheIsada, iphengokuipheyokugqibela.
13. Q. Njengokuba: Intoniuitar, Intoniuerer, ukuyaIntonikhalaza.
14. R. Njengokuba: receta, ukuyarcula kunyer.
15. S. Njengokuba: skhankanya kusphuma, ulales.
16. UT. Njengokuba: tikhefu, tornillo, gatokanye.
17. V. Njengokuba: vNdiyeva, vendervion.
18. X. Njengokuba: xI-Enophobia, kunyexingqumbo, yenaxIto.
19. KUNYE. Njengokuba: kwayeerba, ukuyakwayeer, kwayeukuya.
20. Z. Njengokuba: zigolide, zngakhathalizul.

Iimpawu zoonobumba

Iilwimi ezininzi zithethwa emhlabeni, kwaye ezinye zazo zabelana ngoonobumba abafanayo. Oonobumba abasetyenziswa kakhulu eNtshona ngamaLatin. Oonobumba baneigraphm okanye oonobumba abangama-27, apho abangama-22 ngoonobumba kunye nama-5 zizikhamiso.

Kukho umahluko omninzi kwindlela yokubiza amagama oonobumba abathile kunye nee-digraphs kwiLatin America, kwaye ke kukho umahluko xa kuthelekiswa neSpain.

Ubunyoninco bamaqabane bungundoqo kwiimpawu zobugcisa zobugcisa ezisekwe kwigama, ezinje ngemibongo okanye umculo oculekileyo.

Kwezi meko kufanele ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba amagama anamagama abukhali, abandakanya izandi ezinje ngala p, f okanye r, ihlala inamandla amakhulu okubonisa kunabanye abanesandi esibuthathaka. Nangona kunjalo, izikhamisi zikwangumbindi wombongo, njengoko izicengcelezo zingqina.

Ngaphambili, indibaniselwano yamakhonkco amabini ayebandakanyiwe kwizichazi magama kuba bavelise isandi esahlukileyo kunesinye ngasinye sinazo ngokwahlukeneyo. Ezi ndibaniselwano zimbini zezi: "ch" kunye no "ll", yimigama (graphemes) namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuba zii 'digraphs' kwaye azifakwanga kwizichazi magama.

Elinye lamaqabane linesandi salo, ngaphandle kweleta h, eswele isandi (yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba "unobumba ongathethiyo"). Akukho mthetho umiselweyo ukuze wazi ukuba ngawaphi amagama h kwaye zeziphi ezingekhoyo, okanye zikwindawo elikuyo (eyona ixhaphakileyo yeyokuqala).

Elinye iqabane elikhethekileyo ngu kwaye (ebizwa ngokuba yi "Greek i" okanye "ye"). Esi siqabane sinezandi ezibini ezinokubakho: esinye silingana no ‘i’ (oko kukuthi, isikhamiso) nesinye isivumelanisi, into efana naleyo yeedigraffi ezinje ngo ‘ll’ okanye ‘sh’.

Xa sele liphela igama, libizwa njenge-semivowel (umzekelo: umthetho).