Ubukumkani baseMonera

Umxholo

• Imizekelo yoBukumkani baseMonera
• Iimpawu
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Izikumkani zendalo ngamacandelo avumela ukuhlelwa kweefayile ze- izinto eziphilayo ukuququzelela ukufundwa nokuqondwa kwayo.

Izikumkani ezintlanu zendalo zezi:

• Ubukumkani bemifuno (Plantae): Zizinto eziphilayo ezinokukwazi ukwenza ifotosinthesisi, ezingenakho ukuhamba kwaye zineendonga zeseli zeselulosi.
• Ubukumkani bezilwanyana (Animalia): Zizinto eziphilayo ezinesakhono sokuhamba, ezingenalo udonga lweseli, ezi heterotrophic kwaye zikhula ukusuka kwiimbumba.
• ubukumkani befungus: Zizinto ezingashukumi kwaye ezineendonga zesisele ze-chitin.
• ubukumkani obuprintiweyo: Izinto eziphilayo ezinesakhiwo esifanayo sesilwanyana njengezilwanyana, izityalo kunye nefungi (iseli ye-eukaryotic) kodwa ayinakuhlelwa ngaphakathi kwezinye iindawo.
• Ubukumkani baseMonera: Izinto eziphilayo ezenziwa ziiseli zeprokaryotic.

Ubukumkani baseMonera kuphela kwendawo apho iiprokaryotic eziphilayo zifunyanwa khona. Kwezinye izikumkani ezine izinto eziphilayo ze-eukaryotic zihlelwe.

Inkqubo ye- iiseli Ii-Eukaryotes zezo zinomahluko owahluliweyo, oko kukuthi, izinto zemfuza ezahlulwe kwicytoplasm yimbumba yenyukliya. Iiseli zibonisa i-DNA yasimahla kwicytoplasm.

Ubukumkani baseMonera sifumana izinto eziphilayo ngokukodwa unicellular njengebhaktheriya okanye i-archaea.

Imizekelo yoBukumkani baseMonera

1. Escherichia coliI-Phylum: iproteobacteria. Iklasi: gammaproteobacteria. Myalelo: enterobacteriales. I-gram-negative bacillus ebangela usulelo lwesisu.
2. Icactobacillus casei: Icandelo: iifemu. Iklasi: I-Bacilli: Umyalelo: Lactobacillales. I-gram positive anaerobic bacteria efumaneka emathunjini nasemlonyeni wabantu. Ivelisa i-lactic acid.
3. Clostridium tetaniUlwahlulo: Iifemu. Iklasi: clostridia. Umyalelo: clostridiales. Iibacteria zeGram ezintle, Ukwenziwa kwesiporho kunye ne-anaerobic. Kufunyanwa kwithumbu lesilwanyana. Kubangela usulelo olubi ebantwini, umzekelo isifo se-tetanus.
4. IClostridium septicumUlwahlulo: Iifemu. Iklasi: clostridia. Umyalelo: clostridiales. Igram ye-anaerobic bacteria. Ibangela izifo ebantwini ezinjengamathumba, i-grangrene, i-neutropenic enterocolitis, kunye ne-sepsis.
5. I-Chlamydia (chlamydia): Icandelo: chlamydiae. Umyalelo: chlamydiales. Igram yebhaktiriya ebangela izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo.
6. IClostridium botulinumUlwahlulo: Iifemu. Iklasi: clostridia. Umyalelo: Clostridiales. Bacillus ifumaneka emhlabeni. Ngenxa yemetabolism yayo, ivelisa ityhefu ebangela i-botulism.
7. ISorangium cellulosumIcandelo: Proteobacteria. Iklasi: deltaproteobacteria. Umyalelo: Myxococcales. Iibhaktheriya ezimbi. Inelona genome inkulu yaziwayo kwintsholongwane.
8. Serpulina (bachyspira): Icandelo: spirochaetes. Iklasi: spirochaetes. Umyalelo: spirochaetales. Iintsholongwane zeAnaerobic eziphazamisa abantu.
9. IVibrio vulnificus. Icandelo: proteobacteria. Iklasi: gammaproteobacteria. Umyalelo: i-vibrionales. I-bacillus enyamezelayo ityuwa, yiyo loo nto inokuchuma emanzini olwandle. Yintsholongwane yabantu, oko kukuthi, ibangela usulelo. Yintsholongwane kaGram-negative.
10. IBifidobacteria. Icandelo: i-actinobacteria. Iklasi: i-actinobacteria. Umyalelo: bifidobacteriales. Ngaba iintsholongwane ifunyenwe kwikholoni. Bathatha inxaxheba ekwetyisweni nasekunciphiseni ukwaliwa komzimba, ukongeza kuthintelo lokukhula kwamathumba athile.

Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo evela kuKumkani ngalunye

Iimpawu

• Abana-organelles: ukongeza ekusweleni kweseli yeseli, abanazo iiplastidi, i-mitochondria, okanye nayiphi na inkqubo ye-endomembrane.
• Ukutya: zondla nge-osmotrophy, Oko kukuthi, zifunxa izondlo yi-osmosis yezinto ezinyibilikisiweyo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Oku kondla kunokuba:
  • IHeterotrophic: bayondla izinto eziphilayo kwezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ziyi-saprophytes ukuba zitya inkunkuma; izifunxi-gazi ukuba zitya izinto eziphilayo okanye ulwalamano ukuba basungula ubudlelwane nomnye umzimba apho bobabini bafumana izibonelelo.
  • I-Autotroph: baphuhlisa ukutya kwabo ngefotosinthesisi okanye ikhemosynthesis.
• Ukuxhomekeka kweoksijini okwahlukileyo: Ayizizo zonke izinto eziphilayo kubukumkani baseMonera ezisebenzisa ioksijini kwimetabolism yazo. Ezo zisebenzisa ioksijini zibizwa ngokuba zii-aerobes kwaye ezo zingayifuniyo zibizwa ngokuba ziianerobes.
• Ukuzaliswa kwakhona: ikakhulu iziqhelo ngo fission yokubini. Ngamanye amagama, akukho mitosis.
• I-locomotion: Ezi zinto ziphilayo zinokuhambisa umbulelo kwiflagella.
• I-DNA: Imile okomjikelo wesetyhula kwaye isimahla kwisytoplasm.

Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe?

• Imizekelo ye-Autotrophic kunye neHeterotrophic Organisation
• Imizekelo yeBacteria
• Imizekelo yee-Microorganisms
• Imizekelo yee-Unicellular Organisms