Uncedo (kunye neempawu zazo)

Ngu isiqabu yonke into ephume kwindawo ethe tyaba iyaziwa, iyiguqula ngokokuphakama. Umphezulu womhlaba, osele uligcuntswana kuqweqwe lomhlaba (kuba uninzi lweplanethi lwenziwe ngamanzi) lubonakalisa uluhlu lwezitenxo.

IJografi ebonakalayo kunye ne-geomorphology ngamacandelo enzululwazi athi emva koko abe yinxalenye yejografi, inzululwazi yomhlaba, ubume bomzimba kunye nezinto ezikuxhalabisayo. Ubume bomhlaba, kwelinye icala, abumanga ndawonye: buyalungiswa obwenzeka ngendlela ecothayo.

Iinkqubo zeJoloji zinokuba yimveliso yeentshukumo zangaphakathi zeplanethi (umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo kunye nenyikima) okanye imveliso yeearhente zangaphandle ezinje ngemimoya, amanzi kunye nezinto eziphilayo. Kukho ukuphindaphindwa okukhulu kakhulu Uncedo kuwo wonke umhlaba. Olu luhlu lulandelayo luya kukhankanya ezinye zazo, ezihamba kunye nenkcazo emfutshane yeempawu zazo kunye neminye imizekelo.

1. AmacwecweIindawo ezinokwahluka kunye nokuphakama kwemida, okubangelwa kukhukuliseko lomhlaba olubangelwa ngamanzi okanye ngumoya. Le ngqungquthela ayinyukanga kodwa ithe tyaba kancinci.
   1. Ithafa laseTibet
   2. Iindawo eziphakamileyo zeAndean
   3. Ithafa eliphakathi laseSpain
2. Amathafa: Amathafa aphawulwe ngomphezulu ongaphakamanga. Yenziwe ngamatye e-sedimentary, apho ingqokelela yeesilic iyenzeka khona. Ukuphakama kungaphantsi kweemitha ezingama-200, kwaye kwezinye iimeko zinemozulu efudumeleyo.
   1. Amathafa amakhulu, eMelika
   2. IPampas plain, eArgentina
   3. I-Gulf yaseMexico Plain Coastal
3. UxinzeleloImimandla yeJografi ingaphantsi kuneendawo eziyingqongileyo. Ukudakumba kunokuba yinto enxulumene nokuba iphantsi nje kunendawo eyijikelezileyo, ngelixa iya kuba yinto eyiyo ukuba iphantsi ngokuthe ngqo kunelwandle.
   1. Uxinzelelo lweGrenada
   2. Ukudakumba kweCaspic
   3. IBass enkulu yaseSan Julián
4. IngxondorhaIthambeka elinamatye liveliswe ngokuthe nkqo.
   1. UDan Brist, waseIreland
   2. Indoda eliDwala eliDala, eScotland
   3. Umngcipheko og amatye eKellingin kwiiFaeroe Islands
5. ImilomoUbume bejografi obuvela kungqubano phakathi kwamacwecwe eteknoloji. Ukuphakama kuphawulwe kwaye kwakhiwa iintaba, isiganeko esenzeka rhoqo rhoqo kwixesha leCenozoic. Ezona zikhonjisiweyo zifunyanwa ngexesha lolutsha, ngelixa ezona zindala zincinci.
   1. INtaba i-Everest
   2. INtaba lhotse
   3. INtaba iMakalu
6. Iintaba: Iqela leentaba ezilungelelaniswe kumgama othile ukusuka kwelinye, ngokuqhubekayo.
   1. Iintaba zeAndes
   2. Uluhlu lweentaba zeHimalaya
   3. Iintaba zeCantabrian
7. UsingasiqithiIsabelo somhlaba esijikelezwe ngamanzi kumacala amathathu, sihlanganiswe nelizwekazi ngokusebenzisa isiqwenga.
   1. Iipeninsula zaseFlorida
   2. Usingasiqithi Valdés
   3. Usingasiqithi weSinayi
8. Iinduli: Ezona ntaba zisezantsi.
   1. Induli yaseKenya
   2. I-Teide hill, eTenerife
   3. Elgon Hill
9. Canyon: Umwonyo oveliswe kukhukuliseko lomhlaba olubangelwe ngumlambo. Iindonga zecanyon zenza iliwa.
   1. Umwonyo waseColorado
   2. ILobos river canyon
   3. ISianok Canyon
10. IintlamboIindawo ezigcweleyo apho amanzi anyibilika entabeni aphuma khona. Ukhukuliseko lomhlaba lwenzeka ngendlela apho uhlobo lwe 'U' lunokubonwa.
    1. Intlambo yaseTierra
    2. Intili yeAcatlán
    3. Intlambo yeSalinas

Kwelinye icala, naselwandle kwenziwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoncedo. Iipeninsula, ezikhankanywe njengobume bomhlaba, zinolungelelwaniso lwazo ngendlela ekhethekileyo yamanzi: umanyano usingasiqithi kunye nayo yonke le ndawo ibizwa ngokuba sisiqwenga somhlaba. Kwimimandla yolwandle kunokuvela, ngenxa yokungena kolwandle kunxweme. Kunokubakho iindawo ezinamachweba, iindunduma, imingxunya okanye iziqithi, kunye namachwebakazi kunye neentloko.