Umxholo
Inkqubo ye- alkenes ziikhompawundi eziqulathe ikhabhon-khabhoni iibhondi eziphindwe kabini, ziphendula kwifomula yemolekyuli CnH2n; Izinto ezingaphiliyo zibizwa ngokuba zii-olefin kwaye ziyahambelana iqela leehydrocarbons ii-aliphatics ezingafakwanga, zibalulekile kwimveliso yepetroleum.
Kukho ikhonkco elifutshane, eliphakathi okanye elide; Kukwakhona ii-alkenes ezijikelezayo okanye ii-cycloalkenes kwaye kukho iialkenes ngaphakathi iikhompawundi eziphilayo.
Inkqubo ye-alkenes, ukuba ne-carbon-carbon bond bond, une-hydrogens encinci kune-alkane ngenani elilinganayo leeathom zekhabhoni. Ubume bebhondi ephindwe kabini buboniswa ngokufaka ngaphambi kwesimamva "-enoIsiqalo sesiLatin esibonisa inani lekhabhoni apho i-bond eqala khona (tetra, penta, octa, njl.); Izinto ezizezinye (zihlala zihlala zikho i-chlorine, i-bromine, i-ethyl, i-methyl, njl.njl.) zibizwa njengezimaphambili (ekuqaleni kwegama), zichaziwe kwaye zilandelelana.
Qaphela: Ngenxa yokuba linzima kangakanani igama leekhemikhali elisekwe ngokwemiqathango ye-IUPAC, uninzi lwee-alkenes zendalo zinamagama amahle, zihlala zinxulumene nomthombo wazo wendalo.
Inkqubo ye- alkenes ukuya kuthi ga kwiikhabhoni ezine iigesi kubushushu begumbi, abo banee-carbons ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-18 ulwelo kwaye ezinde zezi yomelele. Zinyibilikisiwe kwizinyibilikisi ezinjenge-ether okanye utywala, kwaye zixinene kancinci kunee-alkanes ezihambelanayo, nangona zinendawo yokunyibilika esezantsi kunye neqondo lokubila. Ngenxa yoxinzelelo olwenziwe kukudibana kabini, umgama phakathi kweeathom zekhabhon zii-1.34 angstroms kwi-alkene, kunye ne-1.50 angstroms kwi-alkane ehambelana nayo.
Banikela nge Ukusebenza kwakhona okuphezulu kakhulu kunee-alkanes, ngokuchanekileyo kuba inezo bond zibini, ezinokwaphula kwaye zivumele ukongezwa kwe ezinye iiathom, rhoqo i-hydrogen okanye i-halogens. Banokuba namava igcwala kwaye ukupolishwa. I-Alkenes zihlala zine-cis-trans isomerism okanye stereoisomerism, kuba iiathom zekhabhoni ezinxulunyaniswe yibhondi ephindwe kabini ayinakujikeleza kwaye oku kuvelisa iindiza ezahlukeneyo. I-Alkenes eneebhondi ezimbini ezibizwa ngokuba zii-diene, kwaye ezo zineebhondi ezingaphezulu kwesibini zibizwa ngokuba zii-polyenes.
Kwi umhlaba wezityalo i-alkenes zininzi kwaye zinendima ebaluleke kakhulu kwezomzimba, ezinje ngolawulo lwenkqubo yokuvuthwa kweziqhamo okanye ukuhluzwa kwemitha ethile yelanga. Ubume bemichiza yee-alkenes ze-organic zihlala zintsokothile kwaye zibandakanya amatyathanga ekhabhoni kunye nemisesane. Ezinye iziqhamo ezifana neekherothi okanye iitumato, kunye nezinye ii-crustaceans ezinje ngoononkala, zivelisa inani elibalulekileyo le-beta carotene, into ebalulekileyo ene-alkene eyandulela ivithamin A.
Imizekelo yee-alkenes
| Ethylene okanye ethene | 2-imethyl propene |
| Icholesterol | 5,6-dimethyl-3-propyl-heptene |
| Butadiene | cycloocta-1,3,5,7-tetraene |
| ILycopene | ityrafluoroethilini |
| IGeraniol | I-5-bromo-3-methyl-3-hexene |
| Limonene | Rhodopsin |
| Mycenae | Propene okanye propylene |
| IButene | I-7,7,8-trimethyl-3,5-nonadiene |
| ILanosterol | I-3,3 diethyl-1,4-hexadiene |
| ICamphor | Imentofuran |
Ingakukhonza:
- Imizekelo yeAlkanes
- Imizekelo yeeHydrocarbon
- Imizekelo yeAlkynes
