Umxholo
- Iindidi zombalisi
- Imizekelo yokubalisa umntu wokuqala
- Imizekelo yombalisi wesibini
- Imizekelo yombalisi wesithathu
Inkqubo ye- umbalisi webali liziko elibalisa ibali. Kubalulekile ukwahlula umbalisi kumbhali oyena mbhali. Umbalisi akangomntu wokwenyani kodwa uyinto engaqondakaliyo. Ngesi sizathu, kwezinye iimeko umbalisi unokuba ngumlinganiswa ophambili ebalini, oko kukuthi, umlinganiswa oyintsomi.
Ababalisi banokwahlulwa ngokowona mntu bamsebenzise kakhulu ekubaliseni. Umntu wesithathu (yena / yena), umntu wesibini (wena / wena, wena), umntu wokuqala (mna / thina).
- Umntu wokuqala. Isetyenziselwa ukubalisa iziganeko ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga umlinganiswa ophambili okanye omnye wabalinganiswa ababandakanyekayo ebalini. Kule meko sithetha ngombalisi wangaphakathi, oko kukuthi, bangabomhlaba wentelekelelo webali.
- Umntu wesibini. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza umphulaphuli okanye umfundi oyinyani okanye oyintelekelelo. Ikwasetyenziswa nakwiingxoxo, kodwa ke ayingombalisi othethayo.
- Umntu wesithathu. Isetyenziswa xa ungafuni ukubandakanya umbalisi kwinto exelelweyo.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba isicatshulwa somntu wesithathu sinokungabandakanyi umntu wesibini nowokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, xa kukho umntu obalisa umntu wesibini okanye owokuqala, uninzi lwee-snippets zomntu wesithathu zihlala zibandakanyiwe, njengoko kuya kubonakala kwimizekelo.
Iindidi zombalisi
Ukongeza, ezi fom zintathu zinokusetyenziswa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zombalisi ngokolwazi lwento abayibalisayo:
- Umbali owazi yonke into. Uyazazi zonke iinkcukacha zebali kwaye uzityhile njengoko ibali liqhubeka. Ayibonisi zenzo kuphela kodwa neengcinga kunye neemvakalelo zabalinganiswa, kwaneenkumbulo zabo. Lo mbalisi uhlala esebenzisa umntu wesithathu kwaye ubizwa ngokuba ngu "extradiegetic" kuba ayingowalapha emhlabeni wento ebaliswayo (diegesis).
- Umbalisi oliNgqina. Ungumlinganiswa ebalini kodwa akangeneleli ngokuthe ngqo kwimicimbi. Uxelela akubonileyo noko axelelwe kona. Ingabandakanya iingcinga malunga nokuba abanye abantu baziva okanye bacinga ntoni, kodwa abaqinisekanga. Ihlala isebenzisa umntu wesithathu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha umntu wokuqala.
- Umbalisi ophambili. Xelela ibali lakho. Ubalisa ngeziganeko ngokwembono yakhe, abelane ngeemvakalelo zakhe, iingcinga kunye neenkumbulo, kodwa akazi ukuba bacinga ntoni abanye abalinganiswa. Ngamanye amagama, ulwazi lwakhe lincinci kunolo lombalisi owazi yonke into. Isebenzisa ikakhulu umntu wokuqala kodwa nomntu wesithathu.
- Umbalisi olinganayo. Nangona ebalisa ngomntu wesithathu, ulwazi lwakhe luyafana nolo lwabalinganiswa. Ihlala isetyenziswa emfihlakalweni okanye kumabali amapolisa, ikhapha umphandi ekufumaneni kwakhe iinyani ngokuthe ngcembe.
- Umbalisi webali we-Encyclopedic. Ayifumaneki rhoqo kwimisebenzi yeentsomi, kodwa kukwimbali okanye kwezentlalo. Iinyani zibaliswa ngokungakhethi buso okukhulu. Njalo bhala kumntu wesithathu.
- Umbalisi osweleyo. Ulwazi oludlulisayo lungaphantsi kunolo lwabalinganiswa. Ibalisa kuphela into enokubonwa okanye iviwe, ngaphandle kokuhambisa iingcinga okanye iimvakalelo zabalinganiswa.
- Umbalisi omninzi. Ibali elifanayo linokuxelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokujonga. Oku kunokuboniswa, umzekelo, ngokunikezela isahluko kumbalisi ngamnye wengqina, okanye umbalisi ongenakukwazi ukubalisa ngeziganeko zomntu wesithathu, kuqala echaza ulwazi olwaziwa ngomnye wabalinganiswa aze abonise oko kwaziwa komnye abalinganiswa.
Imizekelo yokubalisa umntu wokuqala
- Ithamsanqa elihle lomqeshi wesigqubuthelo, UArthur Conan Doyle (umbalisi wengqina)
Ukuba ucinga ukuba uHolmes wayeqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe kangangeminyaka engamashumi amabini, kwaye iminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe ndavunyelwa ukuba ndisebenzisane naye kwaye ndigcine umkhondo wezenzo zakhe, kulula ukuyiqonda into yokuba ndinemathiriyeli eninzi kum. ukulahla. Ingxaki yam ibisoloko ikukukhetha, hayi ukufumanisa. Apha ndinoluhlu olude lwee-ajenda zonyaka ezihlala eshelufini, kwaye apho ndinazo neebhokisi ezigcwele amaxwebhu enza ikwari yokwenyani yabo bafuna ukuzinikezela ekufundeni kungekuphela nje kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa nakwizikrelemnqa kwezentlalo nezaseburhulumenteni Kwinqanaba lokugqibela lalingu-victorian. Ngokubhekisele kule yokugqibela, ndifuna ukuthi kwabo bandibhalela iileta ezibandezelayo, bandicenga ukuba ndingabambi imbeko yeentsapho zabo okanye igama elilungileyo lookhokho babo abadumileyo, ukuba aboyiki nto. Ubulumko kunye nembono ephezulu yozuko lobungcali oluhlala lubalasela umhlobo wam luyaqhubeka ukwenza kum kumsebenzi wokukhetha ezi memoirs, kwaye akukho kuzithemba kuya kuze kungcatshwe.
- Uhambo lukaGulliver oluya eLilliput, UJonathan Swift (umbalisi ophambili)
Ndasebenza njengo gqirha kwiinqanawa ezimbini zilandelelana kwaye ngaphezulu kweminyaka emithandathu ndenza iihambo ezininzi ndisiya eMpuma nase West Indies, ezandenza ndakwazi ukwandisa ubutyebi bam. Ndichitha ixesha lam lokuphumla ndifunda ababhali bamandulo nabanamhlanje, njengoko bendihlala ndiphethe iincwadi ezininzi. Ukufika kwam emhlabeni, ndafunda amasiko nohlobo lwabantu, ndaza ndazama ukufunda ulwimi lwabo, nto leyo eyandinika inkumbulo entle.
- Iinkumbulo zomhlaba ongaphantsi, UFyodor Dostoevsky (umbalisi ophambili)
Okwangoku, emva kweminyaka emininzi, loo nkumbulo ihlala icacile kwaye iyaphazamisa. Ndineenkumbulo ezininzi ezingathandekiyo, kodwa ... kutheni ungaziphazamisi ezi nkumbulo apha? Kubonakala kum ukuba bekuyimpazamo ukuqala kwabo. Nangona kunjalo bendineentloni ngalo lonke ixesha ndibabhalela, ke ayizoncwadi kodwa sisigwebo kunye nentlawulelo.
- Iyonwabisa into engalibalekiyo, UJorge Luis Borges (umbalisi wengqina)
Ndiyamkhumbula, ubuso baseIndiya obucaphukile kwaye ngokukodwa bukodwa, ngasemva kwecuba. Ndiyakhumbula (ndicinga) izandla zakhe ezibukhali. Ndikhumbula kufutshane nezo zandla iqabane, nezixhobo zeBanda Oriental; Ndikhumbula efestileni yendlu umethi omthubi, onendawo engacacanga yelwandle. Ndikhumbula ngokucacileyo ilizwi lakhe; ilizwi elicothayo, elinomsindo, nelimpumlo lendoda yaselunxwemeni endala, ngaphandle kwempempe yase-Itali yanamhlanje.
- Imvuthuluka, UJuan José Arreola (umbalisi ophambili)
Mhla mna noBeatriz sangena kulaa barraki imdaka esitratweni, ndaqonda ukuba esona silwanyana sisesona sikhohlakeleyo sinokundigcina.
Imizekelo yombalisi wesibini
- Inkumbulo yomhlaba ongaphantsi, Fiodos Dostoevsky
Ewe, yizame ngokwakho; cela inkululeko engakumbi. Thatha nabani na, ukhulule izandla zakhe, wandise icandelo lakho lezinto ozenzayo, ukhulule uqeqesho, kwaye… kulungile, ndikholelwe, kungekudala uza kufuna ukuba uqeqesho olufanayo lubekwe kuwe kwakhona. Ndiyazi ukuba le ndiyithethayo iyakucaphukisa, kwaye iyakwenza ukuba ukhabe umhlaba.
- John othandekayo, UNicholas uyintlantsi
Ngexesha lethu sikunye, ububambe indawo ekhethekileyo entliziyweni yam endiza kuyiphatha kunye naphakade kwaye akukho mntu unokuyibuyisela.
- Ukuba ubusuku obunye bobusika umhambi, Ítalo Calvino
Ayisiyokuba ulindele nantoni na ekhethekileyo kule ncwadi. Ungumntu ongasalindelanga nto kumgaqo. Baninzi, abancinci kunawe okanye abancinci abancinci, abaza kulindela amava angaqhelekanga; ezincwadini, ebantwini, kwiihambo, kwimisitho, kwinto ekugcinele yona ngomso. Awu. Uyazi ukuba okona kulungileyo ukuba nethemba kukuphepha okubi kakhulu. Esi sisigqibo osifikileyo, kokubini kubomi bakho nakwimicimbi ngokubanzi nakwimicimbi yehlabathi.
- UAura, UCarlos Fuentes
Uyahamba, ngeli xesha uzothekile, usiya kwelaa sifuba sijikelezayo iigundane, amehlo abo amancinci aqaqambileyo avela phakathi kweebhodi ezibolileyo zomgangatho, bayanyikima besiya kwimingxunya evulekileyo eludongeni olugingxiweyo. Uvula isifuba kwaye ususe ingqokelela yesibini yamaphepha. Ubuyela enyaweni yebhedi; UNkosikazi Consuelo uphulula umvundla wakhe omhlophe.
- Ileta eya kwintombazana encinci eParis, UJulio Cortazar
Uyazi ukuba kutheni ndize endlwini yakho, kwigumbi lakho elithuleyo ndicelwe emini. Yonke into ibonakala yendalo, njengesiqhelo xa inyaniso ingaziwa. Uye eParis, ndahlala nesebe kwisitalato iSuipacha, sachaza isicwangciso esilula nesonelisayo sokuhlalisana de uSeptemba akubuyisele eBuenos Aires.
Imizekelo yombalisi wesithathu
- Ukubuya ebusuku, UJulio Cortázar (umbalisi olinganayo)
Embindini wepaseji ende yehotele, wacinga ukuba kusemva kwexesha kwaye wakhawuleza waphuma waya esitratweni wayothatha isithuthuthu kwikona apho umphathi wasemnyango wamvumela ukuba ayigcine. Kwivenkile yobucwebe kwikona wabona ukuba yimizuzu elishumi ukuya kwi-9; wayeza kufika apho aya khona ngexesha elininzi. Ilanga licocekile kwizakhiwo ezide embindini, kwaye yena-kuba kuye, ukuya kucinga, wayengenagama-lifakwe kumatshini, elonwabela uhambo. Ibhayisekile yajika phakathi kwemilenze yakhe, kwaye umoya opholileyo wabetha kwiibhulukhwe zakhe.
- Awuziva izinja zikhonkotha, UJuan Rulfo
Ixhego lahlehla de lahlangana nodonga laze layama apho, ngaphandle kokuyeka umthwalo emagxeni alo. Nangona imilenze yakhe yayigobile, akazange afune ukuhlala phantsi, kuba emva koko ngekhe akwazi ukuphakamisa umzimba wonyana wakhe, owayencedwe ukuba awubeke kumqolo wakhe kwiiyure ezidlulileyo. Kwaye kwaba njalo ukusukela ngoko.
- Ulunge ngaphezu kokutsha, UClarice Lispector
Ungene kwikhaya loonongendi ngokumiselwa kosapho: bafuna ukumbona ekhuselekile esifubeni sikaThixo. Wathobela.
- Umqamelo wentsiba, Horacio Quiroga.
Iholide yabo yasemva komtshato yayiyinto ebandayo ebandayo. I-Blond, iingelosi kunye neentloni, umlingiswa onzima womyeni wakhe wanciphisa ubuhlobo bakhe obuthandayo. Wayemthanda kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha wayengcangcazela kancinci xa, ebuya ezantsi ngesitrato kunye ebusuku, waye wajonga kancinci ubude beJordani, esisimumu kangangeyure.
- Ingoma kaPeronelle, UJuan José Arreola
Ukusuka kwigadi yeziqhamo yeapile ecacileyo, uPeronelle de Armentières wamalathisela i-rondel yakhe yokuqala yokubonisana noMaestro Guillermo. Wabeka iivesi kwibhaskithi eneziqhamo eziqholiweyo, kwaye umyalezo wawa njengelanga lasentwasahlobo kubomi obumnyama bembongi.
- Qhubeka: Itekisi yoncwadi
Landela ngo:
| Umbalisi webali we-Encyclopedic | Umbalisi ophambili |
| Umbali owazi yonke into | Ukujonga umbalisi |
| Umbalisi oliNgqina | Umlinganisi weNgcali |
