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Imibongo yoburhalarhume - I-Encyclopedia

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Imizekelo yemibongo yeengoma

Inkqubo ye- imibongo yeengoma Yindlela yokuthetha ngomlomo esebenzisa igama ukudlulisa imvakalelo enzulu, ukubonakalisa okanye imeko yengqondo. Eli gama lihlala lisetyenziselwa ukubiza iingoma, iingoma kunye nothando, kunye nemibongo yeengoma akufuneki iqondwe ngokufana nemibongo njengohlobo lokubhala.

Ilizwi ingoma Ivela kumkhuba wamandulo wamaGrike wokucengceleza imibongo ehamba nembongi kunye nezixhobo zomculo ezinje ngehadi (ikwabhekiswa ku-Erato, imyuziyam yesihobe).

Ukuculwa okanye ukufundwa kwesibongo kwahlulwa kwimibongo yedrama okanye ebalisayo kuba igcinelwe indawo yabucala, yothando kunye nokuzimela. Endaweni yoko, wakhomba kwiifom ezilula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemitha kunye nemvano-siphelo, kuba umdla wakhe ujolise kulonwabo lweemvakalelo kunokufezekisa ubuhle beefom zakhe.

Jonga kwakhona: Imibongo

Ezinye iintlobo zemveli zemibongo yeengoma zezi:

I-ode. Indumiso okanye inkcazo yemibongo yento, umntu (uhlala eyintanda okanye iqhawe) okanye imeko.
Ukungena. Ngokuqhelekileyo imibongo yabefundisi, ihlala ibhekisa kubume bucolic kunye namava asendle, ngokubonakaliswa kwendalo.
Isonnet. Umbongo owenziwe ziivesi ezilishumi elinesine ezinamagama alishumi elinanye (iisilabhili ezili-11) ezinikwe izicengcelezo ezihambelana nezandi, zahlulwe zangamaqonga amabini ezine neesibini kwezine iivesi (iquartet no-triplet) ukufezekisa ulwakhiwo loncuthu lweengoma. Kwiinkulungwane bekuthathelwa ingqalelo njengombongo ngokugqwesa.
Iindlovu. Ingoma yentlungu, ukuvalelisa okanye ukulila0.
Madrigal. Ngokukodwa umbongo wothando, ubude obufutshane kodwa ulungelelwaniso kwiifom zawo kwaye ugcwele imvakalelo ephantse ibe yimfihlo yesithandwa.
Epigram. Ingoma emfutshane, ihlala ihlekisa, ihlekisa okanye iyadlala, apho kuboniswa ubulumko nobulumko bembongi.

Imizekelo yemibongo yeengoma

"Sonnet" nguLope de Vega

Isonethi indixelele ukuba ndenze iViolante,
ebomini bam ndizibone ndisengxakini enkulu:
Iivesi ezilishumi elinesine zithi yisonethi,
behlekisa, behlekisa, abathathu baya phambili.

Ndacinga ukuba ayizukufumana iqabane
kwaye ndiphakathi kwenye ikota;
kodwa ukuba ndizibona ndikwincwadi yokuqala yokuqala,
akukho nto inee-quartet ezindoyikisayo.

Kuhambo lokuqala endingena kulo,
kwaye kubonakala ngathi ndingene kunyawo lwasekunene,
Ewe, phelisa ngale ndinyana ndiyinikayo.

Sele ndikowesibini, kwaye ndisakrokrela
Ndihamba ngeevesi ezilishumi elinesithathu ziphela:
Bala ukuba zilishumi elinesine: yenziwe

"Romance del Conde Arnaldos" (isiqwenga) ngumbhali ongaziwayo

Ngubani onokuba nethamsanqa elinje
phezu kolwandle,
njengoko kwakubalwa iArnaldos
ngentsasa yeSan Juan

ukuya kukhangela ukuzingela
ngenxa yenkohliso yakhe iyatyeba,
ndabona igali iza
ukuba ufuna ukufika emhlabeni

Amakhandlela azisa isilika
Ukuqiniswa kwegolide ye-torzal
iiankile zinesilivere
Iizilebhu zekorale entle (…)

"Soneto XXIII" nguGarcilaso de la Vega

Ngelixa uvukile kunye nenyibiba
umbala ubonakalisiwe kwisenzo sakho,
nokuba ujongeke ngokunyaniseka,
iyayilayita intliziyo kwaye iyayibamba;

kwaye okoko nje iinwele, oko emthanjeni
Kwakhethwa igolide, kukhawulezisa ngokukhawuleza.
ikhola emhlophe emhlophe, ethe nkqo,
Umoya uyahamba, uyachithachitha kwaye uyonakalise;

bamba umthombo wakho ovuyayo
isiqhamo esimnandi, phambi kwexesha lomsindo
gubungela ingqungquthela entle ngekhephu.

Umoya obandayo uya kubuna iroses.
Yonke into iya kutshintsha iminyaka yokukhanya
ngokungahambisi umkhwa wakhe.

"Kwimpumlo" (sonnet) nguFrancisco de Quevedo

Ngesinye isikhathi phezu kwendoda yambamba impumlo,
kanye kwimpumlo ephezulu,
kwakha kwakho impumlo yesayon kwaye ubhale,
Ngesinye isihlandlo kwintlanzi enesilevu.

Yayijongeke kakubi ilanga,
kanye phezu kwesibingelelo esinengcinga,
Ngenye imini kwakukho indlovu ebusweni,
U-Ovidio Nasón wabaliswa ngaphezulu.

Ngesinye isihlandlo kwisikhephe,
kanye kwiphiramidi eYiputa,
Iintlanga ezilishumi elinambini zeempumlo zazinjalo.

Kanye kwimpumlo engapheliyo,
impumlo eninzi, impumlo iyingozi
ukuba ebusweni buka-Anas yayilulwaphulo-mthetho.

"Rima LIII" (isiqwenga) nguGustavo Adolfo Bécquer

Amagwinya amnyama aza kubuya
izidleke zazo ukuxhoma kwibhalkoni yakho,
kwaye iphiko kwakhona kwiikristali zalo
bedlala baya kubiza.

Kodwa abo indiza babamba umva
ubuhle bakho kunye nolonwabo lwam ukucinga,
abo bafunde amagama ethu ...
Abo ... abayi kubuya!

I-honeysuckle ebusayo iya kubuya
iindonga ezinyukayo ukusuka egadini yakho,
kwaye kwakhona ngokuhlwa intle ngakumbi
iintyatyambo zawo ziya kuvuleka. (…)

"Isithunzi esimnyama" (isiqwenga) nguRosalía de Castro

Xa ndicinga ukuba uhambe
isithunzi esimnyama esimangazayo,
ezinyaweni zeentloko zam,
ubuya uzondihlekisa.

Xa ndicinga ukuba uhambile
ngelanga elifanayo undibonisa,
kwaye uyinkwenkwezi ekhanyayo,
Kwaye ungumoya ovuthuzayo (…)

"Xa ulahlekelwa nguwe ..." nguErnesto Cardenal

Xa ndilahlekile, mna nawe siphulukene:
Mna kuba nguwe owayendithanda kakhulu
nawe kuba ndim owayethanda wena kakhulu.
Kodwa kuthi sobabini ulahlekelwe ngaphezulu kwam:
ngokuba ndiya kuba nako ukubathanda abanye, njengoko ndanithandayo nina
kodwa abayi kukuthanda njengokuba ndikuthandile.

"Margarita, ulwandle luhle" (iqhekeza) nguRubén Darío

Margarita, ulwandle luhle,
kunye nomoya
Inobungqangi obufihlakeleyo beentyatyambo zeorenji:
umphefumlo wakho.

Kuba uza kuba kude nam,
sindisa, ntombazana, ingcinga entle
loluphi usuku afuna ukukuxelela ngalo
ibali. (…)

"CXXII" nguAntonio Machado

Ndiphuphe undithatha
ezantsi kwendlela emhlophe,
embindini wentsimi eluhlaza,
ngaseblue yeentaba,
ngasezintabeni eziluhlaza,
intsasa ezolileyo.

Ndive isandla sakho sesam
Isandla sakho njengeqabane,
ilizwi lakho lentombazana endlebeni yam
Njengentsimbi entsha,
njengentsimbi eyintombi
yokusa kwentwasahlobo.

Babelilizwi lakho nesandla sakho,
emaphupheni, ayinyani! ...

Ithemba eliphilayo ngubani owaziyo
yintoni le iginya umhlaba!

"Uhambo oluchanekileyo" nguJuan Ramón Jiménez

Kwaye ndiza kuhamba. Kwaye iintaka ziya kuhlala, zivuma;
umyezo wam uya kuhlala kunye nomthi wawo oluhlaza,
kunye nequla layo elimhlophe.

Rhoqo emva kwemini isibhakabhaka siya kuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye sizolile;
kwaye baya kudlala, ngale mvakwemini badlala,
iintsimbi zebelfry.

Abo bandithandayo baya kufa;
Idolophu leyo iya kuba ntsha minyaka le.
nakwikona yegadi yam eneentyatyambo ezimhlophe,
Umoya wam uya kuzulazula, ngokungathandabuzekiyo.

Kwaye ndiza kuhamba; Kwaye ndiya kuhlala ndedwa, ndingenakhaya, ndingenathemba
luhlaza, akukho qula limhlophe,
ngaphandle kwesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza kunye nesibhakabhaka ...
Kwaye iintaka ziya kuhlala, zicula.

"Ingoma yepirate" (iqhekeza) nguJosé de Espronceda

Ngeenkanoni ezilishumi kwiqela ngalinye,
Umoya kwiiseyile zabo,
alunqumli ulwandle, kodwa luyabhabha
iphenyane lebrig.
Inqanawa yePirate bayibiza,
ngobukroti bakhe, aboyikayo,
kulwandle ngalunye olwaziwayo
ukusuka komnye ukuya komnye umda. (…)

"Ode I - Ubomi boMhlala phantsi" (isiqwenga) nguFray Luis de León

Obuphi ubomi obuphumlileyo
Obaleka kwihlabathi elinomsindo,
kwaye uzifihle
umendo, apho baye khona
bambalwa abazizilumko abasehlabathini;

Oko akusigubisi isifuba sakho
yabantu abakhulu abanekratshi,
okanye isilingi segolide
iyanconywa, yenziwe
Moro osisilumko, ngeyaspisi eqhubekayo! (…)

"Vaquera de la Finojosa" (iqhekeza) nguMarqués de Santillana

Intombazana entle kakhulu
Khange ndibone emdeni,
njenge ntombazana yenkomo
AbakwaFinojosa.

Ukwakha indlela
YeCalatraveño
kuSanta Maria,
woyiswe ebuthongweni,
kumhlaba olirhabaxa
Ndiluphumelele ugqatso
Ndabona intombi yenkomo
AbakwaFinojosa. (…)

"ICoplas de Don Jorge Manrique yokusweleka kukayise" (isiqwenga) nguJorge Manrique

Khumbula umphefumlo olele,
uphilise ingqondo kwaye uvuke,
ukubukela
bahamba njani ubomi,
ukufa kunjani
cwaka kakhulu;
ukuba luhamba ngokukhawuleza kangakanani ulonwabo,
njani, emva kokuba kuvunyelwene
unika iintlungu,
njani, ngokoluvo lwethu,
naliphi na ixesha elidlulileyo
Kwakungcono. (…)