Iintsalela eziyingozi

Umxholo

• Iindidi zenkunkuma enobungozi
• Imizekelo yenkunkuma eyingozi

Iyaqondakala iintsalela eziyingozi konke eziqinileyo, ezingamanzi, ezinerhasi, eziyimveliso yenkqubo ethile yenguqu, imveliso okanye ukusetyenziswa kwabantu, inezinto ezinobungozi ebomini, kokubini umntu kunye nolunye uhlobo.

Ezi nkunkuma zinakho okanye zingenakho ukuphinda zisebenze kwakhona, kodwa zinenye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo zithathwa njengezinobungozi kwimpilo yabantu kunye ne-ecosystem:

• Ukuvuvukala. Ukweyiseka kokuqalisa umlilo ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokuqala imililo.
• Ubungozi. Kuthethwa ngezinto ezinetyhefu encinci okanye ezosulelayo, oko kukuthi, ezinokubangela ukuba into enonxibelelwano nayo ife okanye ife okanye ife.
• Ukuqhuma. Kunokubangela uqhushumbo kunye nentshukumo enobundlobongela bemicimbi kunye namandla, ikwakhokelela kwimililo.
• Ukusebenza kwakhona. Eli ligama elinikwe utyekelo lwezinto ezithile ezingazinzanga zokudibanisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nendalo, ngaloo ndlela kuguqulwa iipropathi zazo zendalo kwaye kunika izinto ezintsha ezinefuthe lazo, nelingalindelekanga.
• Ukusasazeka kwemitha. I-Phenomenon ethi izinto ezithile ezingazinzanga ze-atom zikhuphe amasuntswana agqitha phantse kuyo yonke into esele ikho evelisa utshintsho kubume bemolekyuli kwaye inokubangela izifo (umhlaza, i-leukemia, njl.) Okanye ukutsha.
• Ukubola. Ipropathi yeeasidi ezomeleleyo kunye neziseko zeoksijini okanye zonyibilike umba abadibana nawo, ngenxa yeemeko zabo ezigwenxa ze-pH. Bayakwazi ukuvelisa ukutsha okubalulekileyo kwizinto eziphilayo.

Iindidi zenkunkuma enobungozi

Ngokwesiqhelo Kukho umthetho opheleleyo olawula kunye nokuyeka ngexesha isiphumo esiyingozi senkunkuma eyingozi emhlabeni, ukukhuthaza ukurisayikilisha nokuphinda kusetyenziswe ezinye kunye nokuchithwa kwezinye ngokufanelekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, iitoni zolu hlobo lwezinto ngoku zilahlelwa emhlabeni, elwandle nasemoyeni yonke imihla, ezivela kumashishini ahlukeneyo nakwimisebenzi yoqoqosho lwabantu. Ngokusekwe kwingqikelelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uwahlele kwi:

• Inkunkuma yasezidolophini. Abo beza kubomi bemihla ngemihla beedolophu kwaye zihlala zinxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kunye nokulahlwa kweempahla kunye neenkonzo.
• Ukukhanya kwenkunkuma kwimizi-mveliso. Nokuba ziqinile, zingamanzi okanye zinerhasi, ezi zizinto ezivela kumzi mveliso wokuvelisa ezihlala zinokupheliswa okunzima ngokuphakathi kunye nefuthe eliphakathi ekonakaleni kwempilo yendalo.
• Inkunkuma enkulu kwimizi-mveliso. Imveliso yamashishini amakhulu otshintsho lwento, zihlala zinobungozi kwindalo esingqongileyo kwaye zinempembelelo enkulu kubomi obujikelezileyo.
• Inkunkuma yokutsha. Ingakumbi inkunkuma eyigesi kunye nolwelo olunokutsha xa kutsha izinto ezinokutsha (ezinje ngehydrocarbons esizisebenzisayo njengombane) ezikhupha okusingqongileyo kwaye zihlala zinetyhefu ebomini.
• Inkunkuma yezolimo. Uninzi lwayo yinkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo eziya kuthi ekugqibeleni zitshintshwe, kodwa oko kuguqula ubungakanani bendalo kunye namandla apho ifumaneka. Nangona kunjalo, kuqhelekile ukuba ufumane i-pesticides kunye ne-pesticides phakathi kwabo.
• Inkunkuma yomkhosi. Kolu luhlu kuya kuwa iintsalela zezixhobo kunye namalinge emfazwe anjengeebhombu zeatom okanye izixhobo zemichiza, njl.

Imizekelo yenkunkuma eyingozi

1. Iibhetri kunye neebhetri. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngombane omncinci ngombane ngokuphendula kweekhemikhali ngaphakathi kwawo, kugcinwa iseti yeasidi kunye nesinyithi esinzima (ngakumbi imercury kunye necadmium). Nje ukuba baphelelwe, ukulahlwa kwabo kubonisa ukuphazamiseka kwendalo, kuba kungekudala okanye kamva ukupakishwa kwabo kuyadibanisa kwaye iasidi ikhutshelwe kwindalo esingqongileyo.
2. Amanzi amdaka ezidolophini. Iseti yenkunkuma engamanzi kunye neyomileyo eqinileyo evela kwiinkqubo zogutyulo lwedolophu ayiqulathanga kuphela ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo ezinokuba ngumthombo wezifo emntwini nakwizilwanyana, kodwa kunye neeoyile ezitshisiweyo ezisebenzayo, intsalela yemichiza evela kwizicoci kunye nezinye.
3. Ukulahlwa kwesityalo senyukliya. IPlutonium kunye nezinye izinto ezisebenza ngemitha ixesha elide ziyimveliso yolawulo lwenyukliya olulawulwa kwizityalo zamandla enyukliya. Le nto inomdla kakhulu kwi-carcinogenic kunye ne-mutagenic, yiyo loo nto ibekwe kwizikhongozeli ezikhokelayo, ekuphela kwento enokukwazi ukuhambisa imitha. Ingxaki kukuba ezi zikhongozeli, zenziwe ngelothe, zenza ioksijini ngokukhawuleza.
4. Inkunkuma yebhayoloji. Izinto zonyango ezingcolileyo, ezinje ngeengubo, iisirinji, nezinye izixhobo, zihlala zingunobangela wezifo eziyingozi ezifuna unyango olucokisekileyo nolukhethekileyo. Uninzi lwezi zinto ziphinda zisetyenziswe emva kokufumana iidosi zemitha ezibulala iintsholongwane ngokupheleleyo, kwizixhobo zenyukliya, kodwa enye into kufuneka ilahlwe.
5. Amanzi amdaka avela kwimizi-mveliso. Amashishini amaninzi anzima asebenza ngesixa esikhulu samanzi ukupholisa kunye nezinye izinto ezinemveliso emzimbeni, kodwa ekupheleni komjikelo wawo akhulula amanzi alayishwe zizinyithi ezinzima kunye nezinto ezinetyhefu, ekufuneka kungene kwakhona emlanjeni okanye elwandle kufuneka kwenzeke. ngendlela elawulwayo, kuba ezo zilayishwe nge-sulphate okanye iitrate kunye neetyiwa ezingalinganiyo i-pH kunye nokulingana kwemichiza kokusingqongileyo.
6. Ukufakwa kwentsimbi. Imveliso yeshishini le-metallurgical, zihlala zilahlwa zithembela kwinkqubo yazo ye-oxidation ekhawulezayo. Ingxaki kukuba, ekubeni sisinyithi esisebenza ngamandla, i-iron ngokulula yenza iityuwa kunye neeasidi, inegalelo ekuphenduleni kweekhemikhali ngokunzulu nangalindelekanga.
7. Ipeyinti kunye neentsalela zezinyibilikisi. Iindawo ezininzi ezingabizi mali zininzi zisebenzisa izinyibilikisi ezinokutsha xa zipeyinta nomsebenzi wazo wokupeyinta. Ukulahlwa ngokungachanekanga kwezi zinto kunokukhokelela kwimililo okanye, kwimeko ezinomdla kakhulu, ekufumaneni nasekuqhushumeni okulandelayo, kuba zihlala zenziwe ziihydrocarbon ezinokuguquguquka.
8. Ioyile kunye nokunxulumene. Iihydrocarbon ezinzima apho sikhupha khona amandla, izinto zeplastiki, iipolymers kunye namanye amawaka ezinye izicelo, zinokuba yinkunkuma eyingozi kwimeko yokuchitheka kweoyile okanye ukophuka kwemibhobho yeoyile. Itafile yeoyile yinyani kwaye ayinyibiliki emanzini, kwaye igubungela yonke into esemendweni wayo, ukuthintela ukuphefumla kwezityalo kunye nokuhamba kwezilwanyana. Iintlekele ezinkulu zendalo zibangelwa kukusingathwa gwenxa kwezi zinto.
9. Ioyile esetyenzisiweyo. Iioyile kunye negrisi ezivela ezimotweni, ekhitshini nakwezinye izinto ezenziwa ngoomatshini zinokutsha kwaye zisebenze ngokukuko ezibenza babe yingozi kwaye bangcolise izinto. Ngethamsanqa, zinokuphinda zisebenze kwakhona kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa i-biomass.
10. Iziseko ezomeleleyo. Iziseko zeCaustic ezisetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso yamaphepha, umzekelo, zinezinto ezinamandla zokucoca kunye nezinto zeoksijini, ezikhutshiweyo kwindalo esingqongileyo, zisabela ngendlela ehambelana nemichiza (njenge potassium okanye isodiyam: zikhupha ubushushu) kwaye ziyakwazi ukutshaya kwaye zonakalise izinto eziphilayo., Ukongeza Ukutshintsha i-pH ye-ecosystem ngendlela egqibeleleyo.
11. Inkunkuma yezimbiwa. Ngaphezulu kwako konke, ukumbiwa kwemigodi ngokungekho mthethweni- njenge garimpeiros kwiAmazon- isebenzisa izinto ukukhangela igolide ethi emva koko ityiswe emilanjeni, enje nge-mercury. Uninzi lwabantu luye lwafakwa ityhefu bubukho beli kunye nezinye izinyithi emanzini omlambo nakumachibi, okanye ngokufaka iintlanzi ebezisulelekile ngaphambili.
12. Iindawo zokuhlala zezolimo. Ngaphezulu kwenkunkuma enokuboliswa ziintsholongwane, njengenkunkuma yezityalo, umgquba okanye ezinye izinto ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane, sibhekisa apha kwizitshabalalisi, izitshabalalisi kunye nezichumisi zemichiza ezityebile nge nitrogen nesulfure. Zonke ezi zinto zihlanjwa yimvula kwaye zikhokelwe yimilambo kunye namachibi, apho ziguqula ukulingana kwemichiza emanzini okanye zichaphazele imizimba yeentlobo zezilwanyana ezityiwayo.
13. Iigesi eziyityhefu zoshishino. Imisebenzi emininzi yemizi-mveliso ivelisa izixa ezikhulu zeegesi eziyityhefu, ezinxulunyaniswe nezinto ezibulalayo ezifana ne-arsenic, i-chlorine okanye i-cyanide, kwaye zikhutshelwa emoyeni, apho ezinye zinegalelo ekutshatyalalisweni kocwecwe lwe-ozone, kwaye ezinye zingcolisa amafu, nto leyo ivelisa imvula eneasidi okanye imvula eyityhefu ukubuyela umva.
14. Iigesi ezincinanana Kwelinye icala, amashishini amaninzi asebenzisa okanye avelise iigesi ezingenabungozi ngokufanelekileyo okanye ezibulalayo (njengeegesi ze-inert), kodwa ukuba kubungakanani obungalawulekiyo bunokususa ioksijini esemoyeni kwaye bufuthanisele ubomi bezilwanyana kufutshane, kufuna ukuphathwa ngononophelo nangakumbi. .
15. Iglasi kunye nezinye iikristali. Iglasi yinto esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwaye ikhuselekile, iyinyani, kodwa xa ilahlwe ngokungafanelekanga, inokusebenza njengelensi yokujonga ukukhanya kwelanga kwaye ngaloo ndlela iqale umlilo. Iihektare ezininzi zehlathi zityiwa ngonyaka lolu hlobo lweziganeko ezingalindelekanga kodwa ezinokuthintelwa.

Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo yeZinto ezonakalisayo