Umxholo
Inkqubo ye- izinto eziphilayo badinga ioksijini ukuxhasa imetabolism. Njengemveliso yayo, bavelisa into enetyhefu: icarbon dioxide. Inkqubo efunyanwa ngayo ioksijini kunye necarbon dioxide elahliweyo ibizwa ngokuba yiyo ukuphefumla.
Umphefumlo owaziwa kakhulu kuthi ngu yemiphunga: sobabini nezilwanyana zethu ezikufutshane (izinja, iikati, iintaka, amahashe, njl. njl.) siphefumla ngenkqubo yokuphefumla egxile emiphungeni. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iindlela zokuphefumla.
Inkqubo ye- Inkqubo yetreyi luhlobo lwenkqubo yokuphefumla egxile kwiitracheae. Yenziwe ngothungelwano lweetyhubhu ezingenanto. Ezi tyhubhu zincinci ngobubanzi njengoko zingena kwizicwili. Iigesi zinokuhamba ngale nethiwekhi yemibhobho nokuba kungenxa yenkqubo yokungena (ukusasazeka) okanye ngenkqubo esebenzayo (yokungenisa umoya).
Ukucaciswa kwenkqubo ye-tracheal kukuba iityhubhu zifikelela kububanzi obuncinci (ii-micrometer ezimbalwa) kangangokuba zinike iiseli ioksijini ngokuthe ngqo, ngaphandle kokubandakanya inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi (njengoko kusenzeka ekuphefumlweni kwemiphunga).
Izilwanyana ezineetracheas zezi:
- IArthropods: Yeyona phylum yezilwanyana eyahlukileyo kunye neninzi. Ke ngoko, nangona ezinye iarthropods zasemhlabeni zinokuphefumla, azikho kuzo zonke. IArthropods zezi Izilwanyana ezingenamqolo bane skeleton sangaphandle kunye nezihlomelo ezidibeneyo.
- Onychophores: Zizilwanyana ezincinci ezinemilenze emininzi ephela ngozipho kunye nemilo emide. Ziyafana neentshulube okanye imibungu, kodwa zinamehlo kunye / okanye neempondo. Zondla izinambuzane kunye neearachnids abazibambayo ngombulelo kwinto abayifihlayo, encamathelayo.
Imizekelo yokuphefumla
Iiarachnids (arthropods): Ukongeza kwizigcawu, ii-squigs, iimites kunye noonomadudwane nazo zii-arachnids. Banokuba nelinye lala malungu alandelayo, okanye omabini ngaxeshanye:
- Iifilotracheas: La malungu abizwa ngokuba "yincwadi yemiphunga." Ziyimingxuma eludongeni lwesisu (ngaphakathi). Kwelinye icala lodonga kukho i-lamellae: iifolda eludongeni ezidityaniswe yimivalo. Igazi likule lamellae kunye notshintshiselwano ngegesi lwenzeka apho. Enkosi ngokuncipha kwemisipha yodonga lwasemva kwegumbi lomoya, igumbi linokungenisa umoya. Ii-Arachnids ezinemiphunga yencwadi kuphela zii-mesothelae (ii-arachnids zokuqala), oonomadudwane, iiuropygians, ii-amblipigians kunye ne-schizomids.
- Iitracheae: Ziyafana nezo zizinambuzane, oko kukuthi, ziinethiwekhi zemibhobho enobumba. Xa iitracheas zikhona, inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi iyancitshiswa. Kungenxa yokuba iitracheas zivumela ioksijini ukuba isasazwe ngqo kwiiseli kwaye ayifuni kungenelela kwenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi. Iiarachnids eziphefumla ngokusebenzisa iitracheas zii-ricinulids, i-pseudocorpoiones, i-solífuos, i-opiliones kunye ne-mites. I-Araneomorphs (izigcawu ezine-diagonal chelicerae) zihlala zineenkqubo zombini ezidibeneyo.
Imirhubhe (Iiarthropods): Ziyi-centipedes, millipedes, pauropods kunye ne-symphyla. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-16,000 zeemyriapods. Inkqubo yomzila wayo inesakhiwo esifana neso sezinambuzane.
Izinambuzane (Iiarthropods): Inkqubo yetreacheal yezinambuzane yenziwe nge:
- I-Stigmas (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-spiracles): Zijikeleze ii-pores ezidibanisa i-trachea ngaphandle. Abanye banomngxunya (igumbi okanye iatrium) enciphisa ukuphulukana namanzi kunye nokuthintela ukungena kwezinto ezingafunekiyo (uthuli okanye iiparasites) ngenxa yeenwele okanye ameva.
- Iitracheas: Le yimibhobho ekuhamba kuyo iigesi zokuphefumla. Zineeringi zomoya ezibizwa ngokuba zii-tenidiums ezibathintela ekuweni.
- I-Trachealas: Zilungelelaniso lweetracheae, oko kukuthi, zincinci kwaye zithwala iigesi kwizicubu. Zinxibelelana ngqo neeseli.
Onychophores: Kukwabizwa ngokuba ziintshulube zevelvety. Bahlala kwimimandla yetropiki kwaye bakhetha indawo ezinomswakama zomhlaba. Imijikelezo yenkqubo yethracheal yakho enobubanzi obuzinzileyo. Icandelo ngalinye lomzila lincinci kwaye libonelela ngeoksijini kuphela kwizicubu ezikufuphi.
Ingakukhonza:
- Izilwanyana eziphefumla ngemiphunga
- Izilwanyana eziphefumla ulusu
- Izilwanyana eziphefumlayo
