AmaMelika

Umxholo

• Imizekelo yamaMelika
• Uninzi lwamaMelika (luchaziwe)

Inkqubo ye- amerika La ngamagama athathwe kwiilwimi zaseMelika zaseIndiya kwaye asetyenziswa kwezinye iilwimi. Umzekelo: icuba, itshokolethi hammock.

Bayimizekelo yemali mboleko yolwimi, oko kukuthi, ukusetyenziswa kwamagama asuka kolunye ulwimi kwizithethi zolwimi oluthile.

Eli gama liyasetyenziswa UbuMerika ngengqondo ehambelanayo: amagama aphuma kwiilwimi zasemzini (ikakhulu avela kwiilwimi zekholoniyali, iSpanish nesiNgesi) ezihlengahlengiswayo ukuze zisetyenziswe phakathi kwabantu baseMelika baseMelika.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kolwimi lwesiSpanish kunye neelwimi zaseMelika zaseMelika bahlala rhoqo ngenxa yotshintshiselwano olunzulu phakathi kwabakholoniyali nabantu bomthonyama.

Zininzi iintlobo (zombini izilwanyana kunye nezityalo) ezifumaneka eMelika zazingenamagama ngeSpanish kwinto elula yokuba zazingazange zibonwe ngumSpanish. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi lwamagama esiwasebenzisayo ngoku kwiSpanish avela kwiilwimi zomthonyama.

Bona kwakho:

• Ilizwi lesiLatini ngaphezulu
• Indawo (evela kumazwe ahlukeneyo)
• Abaphambukeli

Imizekelo yamaMelika

1. ipelele ebabayo (ukusuka kwiTaino)
2. IAlpaca (ukusuka eAymara "all-paka")
3. Izambane eliswiti (ukusuka kwiTaino)
4. Cocoa (ukusuka kwisiNahuatl "cacáhua")
5. Cacique (ngemvelaphi yabantu baseCaribbean)
6. I-Alligator (ukusuka kwiTaino)
7. Ikhothi yebhasikithe (ukusuka kwisiQuechua)
8. Irabha (ukusuka kwisiQuechua)
9. Ifama (ukusuka kwisiQuechua)
10. I-Chapulin (ukusuka kwisiNahuatl)
11. Intsini (ukusuka kwisiNahuatl)
12. isilili (ukusuka kwisiNahuatl)
13. Umbona (ukusuka kwisiQuechua "choccllo")
14. Icuba (ukusuka maya)
15. Coke (ukusuka kwisiQuechua "kuka")
16. Ikhondor (ukusuka kwisiQuechua "cúntur")
17. Coyote (ukusuka kwisiNahuatl "coyotl")
18. Umhlobo (ukusuka kwisiNahuatl)
19. Guacamole (ukusuka kwisiNahuatl)
20. Guano (ukusuka kwisiQuechua "wánu" oko kukuthi isichumiso)
21. Iguana (ukusuka kwi-Antillean)
22. Tsalela umnxeba (ukusuka kwisiQuechua)
23. Isikhwenene (yemvelaphi yeCaribbean)
24. Ingxowa (ukusuka kwi-Antillean)
25. Malon (yamaMapuche)
26. Umbona (ukusuka kwiTaíno "mahís")
27. IMaraca (ukusuka eGuaraní)
28. Iqabane (ukusuka kwisiQuechua "mati")
29. URhea (ukusuka eGuaraní)
30. UOmbú (ukusuka eGuaraní)
31. Iponyoponyo (ukusuka kwisiQuechua)
32. Iipampas (ukusuka kwisiQuechua)
33. Utata (ukusuka kwisiQuechua)
34. Ipapaya (yemvelaphi yeCaribbean)
35. Ingxowa ye-Duffel (ukusuka kwisiNahuatl)
36. Iphenyane (yemvelaphi yeCaribbean)
37. I-Cougar (ukusuka kwisiQuechua)
38. Quena (ukusuka kwisiQuechua)
39. Tamale (ukusuka kwisiNahuatl)
40. UTapioca (zeetupí)
41. Itumato (ukusuka kwisiNahuatl "tomatl")
42. Toucan (ukusuka eGuaraní)
43. Vicuña (ukusuka kwisiQuechua "vicunna")
44. Yacaré (ukusuka eGuaraní)
45. Yucca (ukusuka kwiTaino)

Uninzi lwamaMelika (luchaziwe)

1. Iponyoponyo. Esi siqhamo, sikwabizwa ngokuba yiavokhado, sivela embindini wento ngoku eyiMexico. Igama layo livela kulwimi lwesiNahuatl, ulwimi olwaluphambi kwenkcubeko yama-Aztec. Okwangoku iavokhado ikhuliswa kwindawo ezitshisayo kwaye ithunyelwa kwilizwe lonke.
2. Ibarbecue. Yisiko lokupheka inyama enqunyanyisiweyo kwirock engentla komlilo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-grill. Igama le-barbecue livela kulwimi lwe-Arawak.
3. Amandongomane. Ikwabizwa ngokuba ngamandongomane, yimidumba, oko kukuthi, uhlobo lwembewu oluqulethwe, kule meko, kwipod. Abantu baseYurophu babekwazi oko ngexesha lokoyiswa kweMelika, kuba babetyiwa eTenochtitlan (namhlanje eyiMexico). Igama layo livela kulwimi lwesiNahuatl.
4. ICanarreo. Iseti yemijelo yaselwandle eyenziwa kufutshane nonxweme. Libinzana elisetyenziswa eCuba.
5. Iphenyane. Zizikhephe ezixineneyo ezihamba ngephenyane. Abantu bomthonyama babakha ngomthi we-birch kwaye basebenzisa umthi womthi. Kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini beyenziwe ngealuminiyam kwaye okwangoku ikwi-fiberglass.
6. Mahogany. Umthi wemithi ethile yendawo yetropiki yaseMelika. Unombala obomvu omnyama owahlula kwezinye iintlobo zeenkuni. Zisetyenziswa ekwenziweni kwekhabhathi (ukwakhiwa kwefanitshala ngomthi) kuba kulula ukusebenzisana nazo kwaye ziyamelana nezidudu kunye nokufuma. Ezona gita zilungileyo zenziwe kwi-mahogany.
7. Ceiba. Umthi weentyatyambo ophawulwa ziintambo ezinemizekelo emincinci esiqwini. Bahlala kumahlathi akweleenjiko ngoku eyiMexico naseBrazil.
8. Itshokholethi. Kwakungekho chocolate okanye cocoa ezazisaziwa ngaphandle kweMelika ngaphambi koloyiso. Abantu bokuqala baseMexico bayisela njengesiselo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo okungathintelwanga yayingumvuzo wamagorha abalaseleyo kwinkcubeko yaseMexico. Yayisetyenziswa njengemali yokutshintshiselana phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Abantu baseYurophu bamazi ngenxa yohambo lwesine lukaChristopher Columbus ngo-1502 kwaye bamkela igama lakhe.
9. Izibane. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-tucu-tucus, igama layo lenzululwazi yi-pyrophorus. Sisinambuzane esivelise i-bioluminescent (evelisa ukukhanya) enxulumene nemibane kodwa inezibane ezibini ecaleni kwentloko nesinye esiswini. Bahlala kwimimandla enemithi yaseMelika, kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo ezinje ngetropiki kunye neetropics.
10. Iingcungcu Phakathi kweentlobo ezincinci zeentaka ezikhoyo. Ukufunyanwa kwabo eMelika, bazingelwa ngabantu baseYurophu ngokungakhathali ukuze basebenzise iintsiba zabo njengomhombiso wezinto zokunxiba, ezikhokelela ekuphelisweni kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo.
11. Isando okanye hammock. Yinto eyenziwe ngeseyile edibeneyo okanye yomnatha, xa ibotshelelwe ziziphelo zayo ukuya kumanqaku ahleliyo, ihleli imisiwe. Abantu bahlala kuzo, bazisebenzisa ukuphumla okanye ukulala. Igama elithi hammock livela kulwimi lwesiTaíno, olwalukho kwii-Antilles ngexesha lokoyisa. I-Hammock yayisetyenziswa eMelika kwaye yamkelwa ukusukela ngenkulungwane ye-16 ngoomatiloshe, abathi baxhamla ekuhambeni kwehamoku: ihamba ngesikhephe kwaye umntu olala kuso akanakuwa, njengoko bekunokwenzeka ngombhede omileyo.
12. Inkanyamba. Imozulu yemozulu ejikeleze iziko loxinzelelo oluphantsi. Imimoya enamandla kunye nemvula kwenzeka. Zizinto eziqhelekileyo zommandla weetropiki, isizathu sokuba ukudibana kwabantu baseSpain nabo kwenzeke ngexesha lobukoloniyali bengingqi esembindini welizwekazi laseMelika.
13. IJaguar okanye iJaguar. UFeline wohlobo lohlobo lwama panther. Igama livela kwigama elithi "yaguar" elithi Guarani lithetha irhamncwa. Umbala wabo webhatyi unokuhluka ukusuka kumbala otyheli ukuya kumbala obomvu. Inamabala ajikelezileyo avumela ukuba izifihle. Ijongeka kakhulu njengengwe kodwa inkulu. Uhlala emahlathini aseMelika nasemahlathini, Oko kukuthi amaSpanish ayengamazi ngaphambi koloyiso, kwaye kwafuneka bafunde igama lakhe eGuaraní.
14. Poncho. Le mpahla ibizwa ngegama layo ngesiQuechua. Luxande lwelaphu elinzima nelityebileyo elinomngxunya embindini wayo apho intloko idlula khona, ivumela ilaphu ukuba lixhome emagxeni.
15. Icuba. Okumangalisa kukuba, abantu baseYurophu babengasebenzisi icuba ngaphambi koloyiso. EYurophu yaqala ukusetyenziswa ngenkulungwane ye-16. Nangona kunjalo, kukholelwa ukuba eMelika yayityiwe nokuba ngamawaka amathathu eminyaka ngaphambi koKrestu. Abantu bomthonyama basebenzise ukutshaya, ukuhlafuna, ukutya, ukusela kunye nokwenza ioyile yemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yamayeza.

Bona kwakho:

• Quechuisms
• Amagama esiNahuatl (kunye nentsingiselo yawo)

Landela ngo: