Inkqubo ye- alkynes okanye iihydrocarbons zeasetylenic are ii-hydrocarbon ezibonakaliswa bubukho bekhabhoni-khabhoni kathathu. I-alkynes ezingezo-cyclic ziphendula kwifomula yeCnH2n-2. Banesidanga sokusekwa nangaphezulu kunaleyo ye-alkenes.
Phakathi kweempawu zeekhemikhali ze alkynes ibalaselisa inyani yokuba iikhompawundi eziphantsi, ke ingenakunyibilika emanzini, kodwa inyibilikiswa ngokufanelekileyo kwizinyibilikisi eziqhelekileyo ezinje nge-ether, benzene, okanye icarbon tetrachloride.
Inkqubo ye-amanqaku abilayo kunye nokunyibilika Ii-alkynes ziyafana kakhulu nezo ze-alkanes okanye ii-alkenes zenani lekhabhoni elilinganayo. Kwelinye icala, ifuthe kwezi zinto zingxamisekileyo, ezinenani leekhabhon kunye nobukho bamasebe kwikhonkco (elitshintsha kwicala elinye), liyabonakala.
Eyona alkyne ilula yile acetylene, balandela propylene (okanye incam) kunye ibutino, Inokuba yi-1-butyne (ibhondi kathathu ekupheleni kwemolekyuli) okanye 2-butyne (ibhondi kathathu embindini wemolekyuli). Ezi zintathu zezi iigesi; abo banenani eliphezulu leeathom zekhabhoni ulwelo okanye yomelele.
Ngokufana nee-alkenes, iibhondi eziphindwe kathathu ezibonisa ii-alkynes zibanika ukusebenza okukhulu kwemichiza Ezi zinto kwaye zibenza ukuba bathambekele ekuphenduleni (i-hydrogen, i-halogens, amanzi, njl. Nangona kunjalo, iibhondi ezintathu ezijoyina enye i-athomu yekhabhoni kunye nenye ayilingani: enye yazo (ebizwa ngokuba yi-sigma bond) yomelele kwaye isebenza njengeyona nto iphambili kwimanyano. Ikhompawundi enokubangela inokwenzeka ukuba ineebhondi ezimbini okanye iibhondi ezizodwa.
Iimveliso ezinebhondi ephindwe kathathu kwelinye icala letyathanga zibizwa alkynes yesiphelo; ezi khompawundi zibonakaliswa yi-asidi yazo ephawulweyo. Ngapha koko, ii-alkynes zesiphelo zezona hydrocarbon zilula kakhulu. Ubude phakathi kweeathom zekhabhoni kwi-bond yi-1.20 amstrongs (nokuba mfutshane kunaleyo ye-alkenes -1.34 amstrongs- kunye neye-alkanes -1.54 amstrongs). Izibophelelo ezingatshatanga, eziphindwe kabini nezintathu zekhabhoni zinokuhlala kwimolekyuli efanayo. Xa oku kusenzeka, i-hydrocarbon ibizwa ngokuba yi-alkyne kwaye indawo ebonwe kabini iboniswa ngokuphela "ene", ukuyifaka apho kufanelekileyo
Uluhlu lwe alkynes zidweliswe apha ngezantsi:
- i-ethyne (iasithilini)
- ingcebiso
- 2- ipentine
- I-2-butyne
- 1-ibutyne
- Nge-3 ka-Okthobha
- 2-engeyiyo
- Imethyl acetylene
- Ethyl acetylene
- 1-ene-4-hexyne
- Ipropyl acetylene
- I-acetylene yeterbutyl
- I-6,6-diethyl-4-noniino
- I-5,6-dimethyl-3-heptin
- I-3,3-diethyl-3,5-nonadiino
- icyclobutine
- 3-ethyl -5-ethynylhepta-1,6-diino
- 5-methyl-2-hexyne
- I-3,5,7-decatriino
- I-6-methyl-2,4-heptadiino
