20 imizekelo yeeSeli zeSomatic - I-Encyclopedia

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Imizekelo yeeseli zeesomatic

Inkqubo ye-iiseli zomzimba zezo ezo zenza iyonke izicwili kunye namalungu omzimba wezinto ezininzi eziphilayo, ngokwahlukileyo kwisini okanye kwiintsholongwane zentsholongwane (iijethikunye neeseli zombungu (iiseli zeziqu). Zonke iiseli ezenza izicwili, ii amalungu kwaye ezo zijikeleza egazini kunye nolunye ulwelo olungazalisisi, ngokomgaqo, iiseli zomzimba.

Lo mahluko awubandakanyi kuphela kwimisebenzi ethile, kodwa nakwinyani yokuba iiseli ze-somatic luhlobo lwe-diploidOko kukuthi, ziqulathe uthotho lwe chromosomes apho kufunyenwe itotali yolwazi lomntu.

A) Ewe, izinto zemvelo zazo zonke iiseli ze-somatic ziyafana. Endaweni yoko, iiseli zesini okanye iijethi zinomxholo owahlukileyo wemfuza, ngenxa yobume obungacwangciswanga bokubuyiselwa kwemfuza ngexesha lokudalwa kwazo, ezingabonisi ngaphezu kwesiqingatha solwazi olupheleleyo lomntu.

Ngapha koko, ubuchule be ikhonkco iqulathe ukuthatha ithuba lomthwalo opheleleyo wemfuza okhoyo nakweyiphi iseli yomzimba wento ephilayo, into engenakwenzeka ukuyenza ngesidoda okanye iqanda, kuba ezi zixhomekeke komnye komnye ukugcwalisa ulwazi lwemfuzo lomntu omtsha.

Imizekelo yeeseli zeesomatic

Myocyte. Eli ligama elinikwe iiseli ezenza izihlunu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, zombini iziphelo kunye nesifuba kunye nentliziyo. Ezi seli zibonakaliswa ngokuba noloyiko olukhulu ebavumela ukuba bakhululeke kwaye baphinde bafumane imilo yabo yoqobo, ngaloo ndlela ivumela ukuhamba kunye namandla.
Iiseli ze-Epithelial. Zigubungela ubuso bangaphakathi nangaphandle bomzimba, Ukwenza ubunzima obubizwa ngokuba yi-epithelium okanye i-epidermis, equka amacandelo athile esikhumba kunye neembumba. Ukhusela umzimba kunye namalungu asuka kwizinto zangaphandle, uhlala ufihla imicu okanye ezinye izinto.
Ii-Erythrocytes (iiseli ezibomvu zegazi). Ungenayo i-nucleus kunye ne-mitochondria ebantwini, ezi seli zegazi zibonelelwa ngehemoglobin (enika igazi umbala wayo obomvu) ukuhambisa ioksijini Kubalulekile kwimida eyahlukeneyo yomzimba. Ezinye iintlobo ezininzi zineeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezinenucleus, njengeentaka.
Ileukocyte (iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi). Iiseli ezikhuselayo nezikhuselayo zomzimba, eziphethe ukujongana neearhente zangaphandle ezinokubangela izifo okanye usulelo. Ngokwesiqhelo ziyasebenza Ukugubungela imizimba yamanye amazwe kunye nokuvumela ukugxothwa kwabo ngokweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokukhuphaezinje ngomchamo, ilindle, inkungu, njl.
Neurons. Iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezenza kungekuphela nje ingqondo, kodwa kunye nethambo lomqolo kunye neziphelo ezahlukeneyo zemithambo-luvo, linoxanduva lokuhambisa iimpembelelo zombane ezilungelelanisa izihlunu zomzimba kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo. Benza ubukhulu uthungelwano lwe-neural kunxibelelwano lwababini bayo.
Iitrombocyte (iiplatelets). Iziqwengana zeCytoplasmic, ngaphezulu kweeseli, ezingaqhelekanga kwaye ngaphandle kwenucleus, ziqhelekile kuzo zonke izilwanyana ezincancisayo kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni nasekwakheni i-thrombi okanye amahlwili. Ukusilela kwayo kunokubangela ukopha.
Iikhetshi okanye ikotoni buds. Iiseli ezikhoyo kwi-retina yamehlo ezincancisayo kwaye zifezekisa iindima ze-photoreceptor, ezinxulunyaniswe nombono kwiimeko eziphantsi zokukhanya.
IiChondrocyte. Luhlobo lweseli oludibanisa intlala, apho ukuvelisa ii-collagens kunye ne-proteoglycans, izinto ezixhasa i-matrix ye-cartilaginous. Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kobukho be-cartilage, benza kuphela i-5% yobunzima bayo.
Osteocyte. Iiseli ezenza amathambo, kunye nee-osteoclast, zivela kwii-osteoblast kwaye zivumela ukukhula kwethambo. Abakwazanga ukwahlula, badlala indima ebalulekileyo kulwahlulo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwakhona kwethambo leethambo elijikelezileyo..
Ii-hepatocytes. Ezi ziiseli zesibindi, isihluzo segazi kunye nomzimba. Benza i pagoity (izicwili ezisebenzayo) zeli lungu libalulekileyo, ukufihla i-bile eyimfuneko kwiinkqubo zokwetyisa kunye nokuvumela imijikelo eyahlukeneyo yokutya komzimba.
Iiseli zePlasma. Ezi ziiseli zomzimba, ezifana neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, zazo zahlulahlulwe ngokobukhulu bazo obukhulu kwaye kuba banoxanduva lokufihlwa kwe izilwa-buhlungu (ii-immunoglobulins)Izinto zenkqubo yeprotein eyimfuneko yokuchonga iintsholongwane, Iintsholongwane kunye namaqumrhu angaphandle akhoyo emzimbeni.
Iidipocyte. Iiseli ezenza izicubu zeadipose (fat) Bayakwazi ukugcina isixa esikhulu se-triglycerides ngaphakathi, ngokwesiqhelo baba yithontsi lamafutha. Ukuthi oovimba be iipilisi Kuyabhenelwa xa amanqanaba eswekile egazini ancipha kwaye kufuneka uye kumadama ombane ukuze uqhubeke nemisebenzi yomzimba. Ewe, aqokelelwe ngaphezulu, la mafutha angabonisa ingxaki ngokwawo.
Iifibroblasts. Iiseli zezicubu ezinxibelelanayo, ezibumba ngaphakathi kumzimba kwaye zinika inkxaso kumalungu ahlukeneyo. Ubume bayo kunye neempawu zayo zixhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo kunye nomsebenzi, obalulekileyo kulungiso lwethishu; kodwa kwimigca ngokubanzi ziiseli zokuhlaziya imicu edibeneyo.
Megakaryocyte. Ezi seli zinkulu, ii-nuclei ezininzi kunye ne-ramifications, ukudibanisa izicubu hematopoietic (abavelisi beeseli zegazi) ukusuka kumongo wethambo kunye namanye amalungu. Banoxanduva lokuvelisa iiplatelets okanye ii-thrombocyte ezivela kumaqhekeza e-cytoplasm yazo.
IiMacrophage. Iiseli ezikhuselayo ezifanayo nee-lymphocyte, kodwa ziveliswe kwi-monocytes eziveliswe ngumongo wethambo. Ziyinxalenye yesithintelo sokuqala sokuzikhusela kwizihlunu, egubungela naliphi na ilizwe langaphandle (i-pathogen okanye inkunkuma) ukuvumela ukungathathi cala kunye nokusebenza kwayo. Zibalulekile kwiinkqubo zokudumba kunye nokulungiswa kwezicubu, ukungenisa iiseli ezifileyo okanye ezonakeleyo.
Imelanocyte. Nika ulusu, Ezi seli zinoxanduva lokuvelisa i-melanin, ikhompawundi enika ulusu umbala wayo kwaye iyikhusele kwimitha yelanga. Ngomsebenzi woku iiseli Ukuqina kwesikhumba sombala kuxhomekeke, ke imisebenzi yayo iyahluka ngokobuhlanga.
Iinyumoniya. Iiseli ezizodwa ezifumaneka kwi-alveoli yemiphunga, ebalulekileyo kwimveliso ye umphunga osebenza ngemiphungaInto enciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-alveolar emiphungeni ngexesha lokugxothwa komoya kwaye ikwazalisekisa indima ye-immunological.
Iiseli zeSertoli. Ifunyenwe kwiityhubhu zesines testes, zibonelela ngenkxaso yemetabolic kunye nenkxaso kwiiseli ezinoxanduva lokuvelisa isidoda. Zigcina isixa esihle samahomoni kunye nezinto ezinxulumene nokulungiswa kweegetet kunye nokulawula ukusebenza kweeseli zeLeydig.
Iiseli zeLeydig. Ezi seli zikwimeko yovavanyo, Apho bavelisa khona eyona hormone ibalulekileyo yesini emzimbeni wamadoda: testosterone, eyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kokukhula ngokwesondo kubantu abancinci.
Iiseli ezomeleleyo. Iiseli zethishu yovalo ebonelela ngenkxaso kunye noncedo kwii-neurons. Indima yayo kukulawula imeko ye-ionic kunye ne-biochemical ye-microcellular bume., ukukhusela inkqubo echanekileyo yokuhambisa umbane nge-neural.