Inkqubo ye- colloids are Imixube efanayoNjengesisombululo, kodwa kule meko kwisikali esincinci, amasuntswana enye okanye ezingaphezulu izinto ezahluliweyo, isigaba esichithakeleyo okanye esingayekiyo, esasazeke kwenye into ebizwa ngokuba sisigaba esasasazekayo okanye esiqhubekayo.
Ilizwi colloid yaziswa ngusokhemisi waseScotland uThomas Graham kwi 1861 kwaye ivela kwingcambu yesiGrike iikhola (κoλλα), okuthetha ukuthioko kubambelela"Okanye"unctct", Oku kuhambelana ne Ipropathi yolu hlobo lwezinto ezingadluli kwisihluzi esiqhelekileyo.
Kwi colloids, amasuntswana kwinqanaba elichithakeleyo likhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba lisasaze ukukhanya (isiphumo sombane esaziwa ngokuba sisiphumo seTyndall), kodwa asikho ncinci kangako njengokukhawulezisa nokuzahlula. Ubukho beli nyathelo lenza ukuba kube lula ukwahlula ikholidoy kwisisombululo okanye isisombululo. Amasuntswana ecolloid enobubanzi obuphakathi kwe-1 nanometer kunye ne-micrometer; izisombululo zincinci kune-nanometer e-1.Izinto ezihlanganisiweyo ezenza ii-colloids zibizwa ngokuba zii-micelles.
Imeko ebonakalayo yecolloid ichazwa yimeko yomzimba yesigaba sokusasazeka, esinokuba lulwelo, siqinile okanye singesi; isigaba esasasaziweyo sinokuhambelana nolunye lwezi ndidi zintathu, nangona kwii-colloids ezineegesi zihlala zingamanzi okanye ziqinile.
Izinto zeColloidal zibalulekile ekwenziweni kwezinto ezininzi zorhwebo ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa okukhulu, njenge iipeyinti, iiplastiki, amayeza okubulala izinambuzane ezolimo, ii-inki, iisamente, iisepha, izinto zokuthambisa, iisepha, izinto zokubambelela kunye neemveliso ezahlukeneyo zokutya. Iicolloids eziqulethwe emhlabeni zinegalelo ekugcineni amanzi kunye nezondlo.
Kumayeza, ii-colloids okanye izandisi zeplasma zenziwa ukwandisa ivolumu ye-intravascular ixesha elide kunokuba kufunyenwe ngokusetyenziswa kwe-crystalloids.
Iicolloids zinokuba njalo hydrophilic okanye hydrophobic. Abaqhubi abanjengo iisepha (ityuwa yee-fatty chain fatty acids) okanye iisepha benza colloids indibaniselwano, ukuvumela uzinzo colloids hydrophobic.
Xa umahluko ocacileyo unokwenziwa phakathi kwesigaba esasasaziweyo kunye nendawo esasazwayo, ibizwa ngokuba yi-colloid elula. Kukho ezinye ii-colloids ezintsonkothileyo, ezinje ngee-colloidal reticular system, apho zombini izigaba zenziwa ziinethiwekhi zongenelelo (iiglasi ezidityanisiweyo kunye neegels ezininzi kunye nezithambisi ezilolu hlobo), kunye nezo zibizwa ngokuba ziicolloids ezininzi, apho kusasazeka phakathi ngezigaba ezibini okanye nangaphezulu ezisasazekileyo, ezahlulwe kakuhle. Imizekelo engamashumi amabini yee-colloids inikwe apha ngezantsi:
- Ukhilimu wobisi
- Ubisi
- Ipeyinti zeLatex
- Igwebu
- Ijeli
- Inkungu
- Umsi
- I-Montmorillonite kunye nolunye udongwe lwe-silicate
- Izinto eziphilayo
- Intlala yesikhumba
- Iziphumo zealbhamu
- IPlasma
- Iidrafti
- Isitatshi sehydroethyl
- Ithambo elilukiweyo
- Umsi
- Izixhobo zokuhlamba
- Ijeli yesilica
- Titanium oxide
- URuby
