Zombini ezi iikhompawundi zemichiza njengezinto zemichiza zenziwe ziimolekyuli, kwaye zona zona zenziwa ziiathom. Iiathom zihlala zimanyene ngenxa yento ekuthiwa yeyokwakha amakhonkco eekhemikhali.
Inkqubo ye- iibhondi zemichiza azifani: Zixhomekeke kwiimpawu ze-elektroniki zeeatom ezichaphazelekayo. Zimbini iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zekhonkco: iibhondi zeion kwaye i iibhondi ezihambelanayo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iibhondi ezidibeneyo zizo ezo bamba iiathom ezingezizo ezesinyithi kunye. Kuyenzeka ukuba ii-athomu zezi zinto zinee-elektroni ezininzi kwiqokobhe lazo elingaphandle kwaye zinotyekelo lokuzigcina okanye lokufumana ii-electron, endaweni yokuzishiya.
Kungenxa yoko le nto indlela apho ezi zinto okanye iikhompawundi zemichizaicos ukufezekisa uzinzo ngokwabelana ngee-elektroni, uayiveli kwiathom nganye. Ngale ndlela ii-elektroni ekwabelwana ngazo ziqhelekile kwii-athomu ezimbini kwaye kwangaxeshanye ziyazibamba. Kwi iigesi izidwangube, umzekelo, oku kuyenzeka. Kwakhona kwizinto ze-halogen.
Xa i-covalent bond isenzeka phakathi kwezinto ezifanayo ze-electronegativity, ezinje phakathi kwe-hydrogen kunye nekhabhoni, ibhondi iyenziwa i-apolar covalent. Oku kuyenzeka, umzekelo, kwiihydrocarbon.
Ngokunjalo, iimolekyuli zehomonuclear (ezenziwe ngeatom efanayo) zihlala zisenzeka iibhondi ze-apolar. Kodwa ukuba ukubopha kwenzeka phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zobumbano, ubungakanani obuphezulu be-elektroni buveliswa kwiatom enye kunakwenye, ngenxa yoko kwenziwa ipali.
Into yesithathu enokwenzeka kukuba iiathom ezimbini zabelana ngee-elektroni, kodwa ezi electron kwabelwane ngazo zinegalelo nge-atom enye yazo. Kwimeko apho sithetha ngayo dative okanye ulungelelaniso lwe-bond covalent.
Ye Ikhonkco lokudanisa ufuna into enesibini se-elektroni yasimahla (njenge-nitrogen) kunye nenye eswele i-electron (njengehydrogen). Kuyimfuneko ukuba enye enesibini esisebenza ngombane ikhethe ngokwaneleyo ukuba ingalahlekani ii-elektron. Le meko yenzeka, umzekelo, kwi-ammonia (NH4+).
Inkqubo ye- izinto eziqulathe iikhompawundi ezidibeneyo zinokwenzeka nakweyiphi na imeko yemeko (eqinileyo, engamanzi okanye enerhasi), kwaye ngokubanzi bangabaqhubi abahamba kakuhle bobushushu nombane.
Bahlala bebonisa amanqaku anyibilikayo asezantsi kwaye abilayo kwaye zihlala zinyibilikiswa kwizinyibilikisi zomhlaba, njenge-benzene okanye i-carbon tetrachloride, kodwa ungabinanyibiliko emanzini. Zizinzile kakhulu.
Imizekelo emininzi yeekhompawundi okanye izinto eziqukethe iibhondi ezihlanganisiweyo zinokunikwa:
- Ifluorine
- Bromine
- Iodine
- Iklorin
- Ioksijini
- Amanzi
- Umoya omdaka
- Amoniya
- Imethane
- Ipropane
- Silica
- Idayimani
- Grafayithi
- Quartz
- Iswekile
- Iparafini
- Idizili
- Initrogen
- Helium
- UFreon
