Umxholo
Kakhulu neurosis Intoni ngengqondo yimigaqo yokusetyenziswa kunyango lwengqondo, kwengqondo kunye novavanyo lwengqondo, oko kukuthi, kumacandelo ahlukeneyo afunda ingqondo yomntu, ukubhekisa kwizimo ezithile zengqondo kuthathwa njengesi sifo okanye izifo. Nangona kunjalo, nganye inesicelo sayo esithile kunye nembali.
Ngu neurosis Iyaqondakala kwezi ndawo zikhankanywe ngasentla iseti yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubonakaliswa kukungalunganga kunye noxinzelelo. Eli gama laqulunqwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, kodwa lafumana intsingiselo efana nale ikhoyo ekuqaleni kowama-20, ngenxa yemisebenzi eyayisendaweni kaSigmund Freud noPierre Janet, phakathi kwabanye. Namhlanje ilahliwe njengenkcazo yeklinikhi ngenxa yeseti yemifanekiso yeklinikhi, ebizwa ukuphazamiseka.
Endaweni yokuba ngengqondo Ezi nkalo ziyayiqonda imeko yengqondo yokulahleka konxibelelwano, okanye ukwahlula kuyo, kunye nenyani ejikelezileyo. Oku kunokuthetha ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, ubuqhetseba, utshintsho kubuntu, okanye amaxesha okucinga ahlukeneyo. Kuba iimeko ezahlukeneyo zengqondo, ze-neuronal, kunye neemeko zebhayiloji zinokubangela ikhefu le-psychotic, ihlala ithelekiswa nomkhuhlane njengesalathiso esingacacanga sokuba kukho into engalunganga. Oku kuqhuma kunokuba okwethutyana kwaye kungenakuphindwa kubomi besigulana, okanye okungapheliyo.
Imizekelo ye-neurosis
- Ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo. Ziziziqendu zokudakumba, zombini ziphakathi, zimodareyitha okanye zinzima, kubukho okanye hayi kwiimpawu ze-somatic, ezingapheliyo okanye eziphindaphindayo, ezinjenge-dysthymia kunye necyclothymia.
- Ukuxhalaba. Iimeko apho ingcinga ingenakuthinteleka kwaye ihamba nazo iimvakalelo zentlungu ebuyela kumjikelo. Ezi zii-phobias, ukuphazamiseka okunyanzelekileyo, ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo, okanye ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo ngokubanzi.
- Ukuphazamiseka okungafaniyo. Ezo apho ukuqhubeka kokuqonda kuphazanyiswa, ezinje nge-psychogenic fugues kunye ne-amnesias, ukungafani komntu, ukubamba kunye nokulala.
- Ukuphazamiseka kweSomatoform. Ezo zinxulumene nembono eguqulweyo yomzimba okanye impilo yomzimba: i-hypochondria, i-dysmorphophobia, iintlungu ze-somatoform, somatization.
- Iingxaki zokulala. Ukuphuthelwa, ukuxhalaba, izinto ezoyikisayo ebusuku, ukulala, phakathi kwabanye.
- Iingxaki zesondo. Ezi ngxaki, zinxulunyaniswa nokwabelana ngesondo, ngokwesiko ziqwalaselwa ngaphakathi kwesakhelo samacandelo amabini: ukungasebenzi kakuhle (ukungathandi ezesondo, i-anorgasmia, ukungabi namandla, i-vaginismus, njl. Njl.) Eli candelo lokugqibela liphantsi kwengxoxo.
- Ukuphazamiseka kolawulo. Ezo apho isifundo singekho brake kwiindlela ezithile zokuziphatha, ezinje nge-kleptomania, ukungcakaza, ipyromania, trichotillomania.
- Ukuphazamiseka okuyinyani. Iimpawu zaso, ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni, zizenzakalisa sisigulana, ukufumana ingqalelo yabasebenzi bezonyango.
- Ukuphazamiseka okuguqukayo. Iimpawu zokuphendula ngokweemvakalelo kwimeko yoxinzelelo kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala, kwaye apho ukungaphatheki kakuhle kudlula kakhulu kwisizathu esisishukumisayo.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwemo. Abo banxulunyaniswa nokusilela okubonakalayo kolawulo lweemvakalelo kunye nezinto ezingathandekiyo, ezinje nge-bipolarity, ukuphazamiseka okuthile koxinzelelo okanye i-mania.
Imizekelo yengqondo
- Ischizophrenia. Eli ligama elinikwe ukubandezeleka okungapheliyo kweseti yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okunzulu, okuthintela ukusebenza kwesiqhelo kwengqondo, ukuguqula umbono wayo wenyani, ukuqonda kwayo inyani kunye nokukhuthaza ukungahambelani kakuhle kwengqondo. Sisifo esiya sisiba mandundu.
- Ingxaki yeSchizophreniform. Yaziwa ngokuba neempawu ezininzi zesifo sengqondo, kodwa ikwakhona phakathi kweenyanga ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-6. Ukubuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo, ngokungafaniyo nesifo sengqondo, kunokwenzeka.
- Ingxaki yeSchizoaffective. Ibonakaliswa kukungabikho rhoqo kunye nokuhlala rhoqo kweziqendu ze-mania, uxinzelelo okanye i-bipolarity, ehamba kunye nemibono yokuva, ukukhohlisa okubonakalayo kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezentlalo nakwezomsebenzi. Kubandakanya inqanaba eliphezulu lokuzibulala.
- Ukuphazamiseka kokudideka. Eyaziwa njenge-psychosis paranoid, iyaziwa ngokubonakala kwezinto ezingezizo ezingaqhelekanga, zihlala zikhokelela kukuphicothwa, ukujonga izinto, okanye ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo ezinxulunyaniswa nemibono yeparanoid. Akuqhelekanga kuhamba neempawu zeschizophrenia okanye ukubonwa okuhle, kodwa kuyayiphazamisa imisebenzi yezentlalo ngokwembono egqwethekileyo yabanye neyakho.
- Ukwabelana ngesifo sengqondo. Ikhathaza abantu ababini nangaphezulu ngenkolelo yokukhohlisa okanye yokukhohlisa, kuhlobo losulelo. Sisifo esinqabileyo kakhulu.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okufutshane. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo kukuqhambuka okwethutyana kwengqondo, kukhuthazwa ziimeko ezingaqinisekanga, ezinje ngotshintsho ngesiquphe kokusingqongileyo (abafuduki, amaxhoba okuxhwila) okanye izifo zengqondo esele zikho. Kuqheleke kakhulu kubantu abancinci kwaye kubonakala kunqabile.
- Isifo seCatatonic okanye ikatatonia. Kucatshangelwa i-subtype ye-schizophrenia, ibonakaliswa ngokuphazamisa ukusebenza kweemoto, ukufaka isigulane kwisimo esingaphantsi okanye esingaphantsi.
- Ukuphazamiseka kubuntu bukaSchizoid. Ikhathaza abantu abangaphantsi kwe-1% yabemi behlabathi, ngokuzikhethela bodwa ekuhlaleni kunye nesithintelo sokubonisa ngokweemvakalelo, okt ingqele egqithisileyo kunye nokungabinamdla kwabanye.
- Ukuphazamiseka kweziyobisi ngengqondo. Ezifana neziyobisi ze-hallucinogenic, iziyobisi ezinamandla, okanye iityhefu eziqatha.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngenxa yokugula. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwizigulana ezinamathumba obuchopho, usulelo lwe-CNS okanye ezinye izifo ezibangela iimpawu ezifanayo nengqondo.
