Umxholo
Inkqubo ye- pH Sisifinyezo esimele ukubakho kwe-hydrogen, kwaye sisebenza njengomlinganiso we-asidi okanye i-alkalinity ye Ukuchithwa, ibonisa uxinzelelo lwee-hydronium ion ezikhoyo kwisisombululo.
Kuyaboniswa ukuba Kukho unxibelelwano olupheleleyo phakathi koxinaniso lwee-hydrogen ion kunye nenqanaba leasidi ye intoIiasidi ezinamandla zinokuxinana okuphezulu kwee-hydrogen ions, ngelixa ii-acid ezibuthathaka zinokuxinana okuphantsi.
Ngokwezibalo, i pH Ichazwa njenge-logarithm yedesimali yokuphindaphinda imisebenzi ye-hydrogen ion kwisisombululo. Umsebenzi we-logarithm usetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa imeko, ukuze inani libe nentsingiselo ngokwayo. Isikali saziswa ngusokhemisti uSorenson, owanika isikali igama laso kwada kwangowe-1924.
Inkqubo ye- Isikali se-pH sisetelwe phakathi kwenani u-0 no-14: 0 Isiphelo seasidi, ngelixa 14 sisiphelo sealkali. Inani u-7, eliphakathi, yinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi-pH engathathi hlangothi.
Njengoko kulinganiswe?
Kwimilinganiselo ye-pH, imichiza ekulula ukuyisebenzisa ihlala isetyenziswa, eyi Iphepha leLitmus. Yindima leyo itshintsha umbala wayo ngokuxhomekeke kwisisombululo esifakwe kuso.
Eyona nto ineasidi iya kuguqula iphepha elipinki, ngelixa ezona zisisiseko ziya kubangela ukuba luhlaza. Amanye amaphepha alolu hlobo anokumakishwa kwinqanaba, ukuze nabani na olisebenzisayo akwazi ukumisela inqanaba le-hydrogen ngokulula ngombala.
Nangona kunjalo, indima yeLitmus ayisebenzi ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kwimeko apho ingasebenzi kakuhle, isixhobo esaziwa njenge pH imithaInzwa esetyenziswa kwindlela yemichiza ukulinganisa i-pH yesisombululo. Apho, iseli yokulinganisa i-pH inezibini ze-electrode, enye yenziwe ngekhalomel enye yenziwe ngeglasi: le mitha yi-voltmeter ethe-ethe kakhulu, kwaye ii-electrode ezidityaniswe kuyo ziya kuvelisa umbane xa ugxunyekwe kwizisombululo.
Imizekelo ye-pH yezinto ezithile
| Ijusi yelamuni (pH 2) | Ijusi yeorenji (pH 4) |
| Ijusi yesisu (pH 1) | Ubhiya (pH 5) |
| Isicoci (pH 10.5) | IAmmonia (pH 12) |
| Amanzi anesepha (pH 9) | Ibhlitshi (pH 13) |
| Amanzi olwandle (pH 8) | I-Cola soda (pH 3) |
| Amanzi ekalika (pH 11) | Ihydrochloric acid (pH 0) |
| Ubisi lweMagnesia (pH 10) | Ibhetri (pH 1) |
| Ulusu lomntu (pH 5.5) | Isodiyam hayidroksayidi (pH 14) |
| Ubisi (pH 6) | Amanzi amsulwa (pH 7) |
| Iviniga (pH 3) | Igazi (pH 8) |
Uyigcina njani i-pH rhoqo?
Ngamanye amaxesha inkqubo yaselebhu ifuna ukulungiswa kunye nokugcinwa kwesisombululo kunye pH rhoqo. Ukugcinwa kwesi sisombululo kunzima ngakumbi kunamalungiselelo aso, kuba ukuba sidibana nomoya siya kuthatha i-carbon dioxide kwaye iya kuba neasidi ngakumbi, ngelixa igcinwe kwisitya seglasi iya kuba yi-alkaline ngakumbi ngenxa yesiphumo. Ubumdaka buhlukaniswe neglasi.
Inkqubo ye- Isisombululo sesisombululo ngabo banako ukugcina i-pH yabo izinzile xa kuthelekiswa nokongezwa kwexabiso elincinci iiasidi okanye iziseko unamandla.
Izisombululo zolu hlobo zilungiswa ngeasidi ebuthathaka kunye netyuwa yeasidi efanayo, okanye ngokusebenzisa isiseko esibuthathaka kunye netyuwa yesiseko esinye. Nkqu Iiseli kwizinto eziphilayo kufuneka zigcine i-pH rhoqo, ukwenzela i isenzo se-enzymatic kunye nokuchithwa komzimba.
Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo yee-Acids kunye neZiseko
