Umxholo
- Imiqathango yomsebenzi we-enzyme
- Ukwahlulahlula
- Ii-enzyme kwiinkqubo zeshishini
- Imizekelo yee-enzymes kunye nemisebenzi yazo
- Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe?
Inkqubo ye-ii-enzymes ziiproteni ezisebenza njenge ezikhuthazayo, yiyo i ukukhawulezisa iimpendulo zamachiza ngaphandle kokugqitywa okanye ukuba yinxalenye yeemveliso zoko impendulo. Zonke iimpendulo ezenzeka emzimbeni zixolelaniswe zii-enzymes, ke kuyacaca ukuba ii-enzymes zinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwizinto eziphilayo.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi yee-enzymes yilekhuthaza ukwetyiswa kunye nokufunxwa kwezondloUkutya okudliwayo: ii-enzymes zokwetyisa ziyayiphula protein, iikhabhohayidrethi kwaye amafutha kwizinto ezinokubakho.
Ngale ndlela kuthiwa ii-enzymes ziluncedo kakhulu kwimeko yokuqunjelwa sisisu, irhasi kunye nokwetyisa okunzima kakhulu ngokubanzi. Bavelisa i inhibition yeenkqubo ukudumba kwaye uthande i ukubuyisela kwakhona, kunye nokunceda ekupheliseni i-toxins kunye nokuvumelanisa amajoni omzimba.
Imiqathango yomsebenzi we-enzyme
Umsebenzi we-enzyme, nangona kunjalo, wenziwa ngokusebenza ngokuhlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile ezinokubakho emzimbeni. Umzekelo, a uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-substrate okanye enye uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-enzyme Iqondo apho ukusabela kwe-enzymatic kwenzeka khona kunyuka, nangona kufikelela kumda othile.
Kwelinye icala, ukwanda kwe-10 ° C kuyiphinda kabini isantya sempendulo, kodwa xa kufikelelwe umda othile, ubushushu buba yinto engenziwanga kunye nomsebenzi we-enzymatic. Ukongeza, i Eyona pH Umsebenzi we-enzymatic yi-7 (ngaphandle kwee-enzyme zokugaya ukutya, ezibekwe kumxholo asidi isisu).
Ukwahlulahlula
Ukwahlulahlula okwenziwe kwee-enzymes kuyahluka phakathi kwezo zijonga ubunzima bazo, ezo zihlalutya zazo Abadlala okanye abo bathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ye-enzymatic:
Inkqubo ye- iihydrolase zezo zibangela ukusabela kwe-hydrolysis, ngelixa isomerase zezo ezo catalyze iimpendulo apho isomer enye iguqulwa ibe yenye. Inkqubo ye- iilwimi Yenza ukubopha kweemolekyuli, ngelixa Uludwe benza kwiimpendulo zokudibanisa okanye zokuphelisa iibhondi. Inkqubo ye- imibandela ye-oxidored I-catalyze i-oxidation-reduction reaction (ukuququzelela ukuhanjiswa kwe-elektroni) kunye ezifihliweyo zikhuthaza ukutshintshwa kweqela lisuka kwenye into liye kwenye.
Ii-enzyme kwiinkqubo zeshishini
Zininzi iinkqubo zoshishino ezibotshelelwe ekusebenzeni kwesiqhelo kwee-enzymes. Inkqubo ye- ukubila kotywala kunye nezinye iimveliso ezilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa, ngelixa uninzi lweempendulo ezingenelela kwihlabathi ezifana nolwakhiwo zixhomekeke kubo.
Ngamanye amaxesha ii-enzymes zisetyenziselwa iinjongo zonyango, ezenzelwe ukunyanga iindawo zokudumba kwengingqi.
Nayi eminye imizekelo yeentlobo zee-enzymes ezineminye yemisebenzi yazo, yebhayoloji okanye eyemizi-mveliso.
Imizekelo yee-enzymes kunye nemisebenzi yazo
- I-Trypsin: Iphula iibhondi zepeptide ezikufutshane ne-arginine okanye i-lysine.
- Ilactase: Isetyenziswe kwishishini lobisi, iyathintela ikhristallization yobisi oluxineneyo.
- Isisu: Ivelisa kwaye ifihle i-hydrochloric acid, ngelixa ivuselela ukuhamba kwesisu.
- Idipeptidase: Umvelisi wee-amino acid ezimbini.
- Chymosin: Ijija iiprotein zobisi kumzi-mveliso wesonka samasi.
- Lipase: Ukubonelela ngamanqatha e-acid, ukuba nje isebenza kwimeko yealkali, kunye nesenzo sangaphambili seetyuwa ze-bile.
- Imfihlo: Ifihla amanzi kunye ne-sodium bicarbonate, ukongeza kuthintelo lokuhamba kwesisu.
- Isomerase yeswekileIvumela ukusetyenziswa kweesiraphu eziphezulu zefructose kwimveliso yokutya okuswiti.
- Unqulo: Kwindawo yokupheka, isetyenziselwa ukutywala ukunamathiswa kwemithombo.
- I-peptide yesisu esisebenzayo: Yonyusa ukuhamba kwegazi kwaye ikhuphe amanzi epancreatic fluid.
- ISucaraa: Ivelisa i-fructose kunye ne-glucose.
- UFiscina: Kubalulekile ekuthambiseni inyama.
- ICarboxypeptidase: Yahlulahlula i-carboxyamino acid.
- IBromelain: It inxaxheba kwimveliso hydrolysates.
- Deoxyribonuclease: Ivelisa i-nucleotides, ene-substrate ye-DNA.
- Encephalin: Ukuthintela ukhuseleko lwee-enzymes zepancreatic kunye nokuhamba kwemvelo.
- Somatostatin: Ithintela ukugcinwa kwehydrochloric acid.
- Isiciko: Inika iswekile esiswini kunye nepancreas, ukuba isebenza kwimeko ene-asidi.
- Lipoxidase: Kwimveliso yesonka, iphucula umgangatho wayo kwaye ivelise imvuthuluka emhlophe kakhulu.
- Pepsin: Ivelisa ii-peptides kunye nee-amino acid esiswini, indawo ene-asidi kakhulu.
- Ribonuclease: Ivelisa i-nucleotides, kunye ne-RNA substrate.
- Iglucagon iphelaUthintela ukuhamba kunye nokufihla.
- Iipectinase: Kwimizi-mveliso yesiselo, iphucula ingcaciso kunye nokufunxwa kweencindi zayo.
- UTannasa: Iguqula i-glucose iye kwi-fructose, ukongeza ekuthinteleni i-browning kunye ne-flavour-off kwezinye iziselo.
- UPtyalin: Ukubonelela i-monosaccharides kunye ne-disaccharides, ukuba isebenza kwimeko yealkaline ephakathi.
Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe?
- Imizekelo yeeNzyme zokugaya ukutya
- Imizekelo yeCoenzymes
